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  2. Universal testing machine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_testing_machine

    Typical lectromechanical Universal Testing Machine Test fixture for three point flex test. A universal testing machine (UTM), also known as a universal tester, [1] universal tensile machine, materials testing machine, materials test frame, is used to test the tensile strength (pulling) and compressive strength (pushing), flexural strength, bending, shear, hardness, and torsion testing ...

  3. Ultimate tensile strength - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultimate_tensile_strength

    The ultimate tensile strength of a material is an intensive property; therefore its value does not depend on the size of the test specimen.However, depending on the material, it may be dependent on other factors, such as the preparation of the specimen, the presence or otherwise of surface defects, and the temperature of the test environment and material.

  4. Tensile testing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tensile_testing

    Tensile testing, also known as tension testing, [1] is a fundamental materials science and engineering test in which a sample is subjected to a controlled tension until failure. Properties that are directly measured via a tensile test are ultimate tensile strength , breaking strength , maximum elongation and reduction in area. [ 2 ]

  5. Stress–strain curve - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stress–strain_curve

    It is obtained by gradually applying load to a test coupon and measuring the deformation, from which the stress and strain can be determined (see tensile testing). These curves reveal many of the properties of a material, such as the Young's modulus, the yield strength and the ultimate tensile strength.

  6. Biaxial tensile testing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biaxial_tensile_testing

    Hydraulic Bulge Test (HBT) is a method of biaxial tensile testing. It used to determine the mechanical properties such as Young’s moduli, yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, and strain-hardening properties of sheet material like thin films.

  7. Strength of materials - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strength_of_materials

    The ultimate strength is the maximum stress that a material can withstand before it breaks or weakens. [12] For example, the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of AISI 1018 Steel is 440 MPa. In Imperial units, the unit of stress is given as lbf/in 2 or pounds-force per square inch. This unit is often abbreviated as psi.

  8. Three-point flexural test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-point_flexural_test

    The test method for conducting the test usually involves a specified test fixture on a universal testing machine. Details of the test preparation, conditioning, and conduct affect the test results. The sample is placed on two supporting pins a set distance apart. Calculation of the flexural stress

  9. Ultimate load - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultimate_load

    This is also commonly used in knowing the properties of metal beams. For example, it is used in experiments such as T.T.M. (tensile testing machine) and U.T.M. (universal testing machine) The ultimate load B u is related to the limit load B n, using the concept of safety factor, j. The relation is as follows B u >= B n × j