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In the present, the forms strongly resemble those of kunnen. The past is different, and has changed earlier -old-to -oud-, and then dropped the -d-in many forms. Like its English equivalent would, the past tense zou does not literally indicate past time. Instead, the distinction is one of certainty: the present indicates certain future time ...
These verbs historically had present tense forms that resembled the past tenses of strong verbs, and can be recognised in modern Dutch by the absence of the -t in the third-person singular present (the English equivalents lack the -s in the same way). Preterite-present verbs have weak past tenses, but often irregularly formed.
The form can end in a vowel or in a consonant (including t). For the verbs houden, rijden and their derivatives, the -d of the radical can be dropped in spoken language. In a formal context, the d is not dropped. Ik ga naar school ("I go to school") Ik rust ("I rest", radical ends in t) Ik hou van bloemen ("I love flowers", form without -d)
Plural forms in Standard Dutch most often add -en, but West Flemish usually uses -s, like the Low Saxon dialects and even more prominently in English in which -en has become very rare. Under the influence of Standard Dutch, -s is being used by fewer people, and younger speakers tend to use -en.
The ' t kofschip (Dutch pronunciation: [ət ˈkɔfsxɪp], the merchant-ship), ' t fokschaap (the breeding sheep), also often referred to as kofschiptaxi or soft ketchup (among foreign language learners), [1] rule is a mnemonic that determines the endings of a regular Dutch verb in the past indicative/subjunctive and the ending of the past participle.
Because Dutch had many spelling reforms, some forms had different spellings in the past. The stem was formerly spelled een-regardless of the ending, so eenen, eener etc. The modern spelling, given in the table, are written according to the rules of modern Dutch orthography. The forms in brackets are shortened forms that were occasionally used.
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