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Steel joists and Joist Girders being erected. In structural engineering , the open web steel joist (OWSJ) is a lightweight steel truss consisting, in the standard form, of parallel chords and a triangulated web system, proportioned to span between bearing points.
Plate girder, formed by welding (or occasionally bolting or riveting) plates. I-beams are commonly made of structural steel but may also be formed from aluminium or other materials. A common type of I-beam is the rolled steel joist (RSJ), sometimes incorrectly rendered as reinforced steel joist.
A girt is a vertically aligned girder placed to resist shear loads. Small steel girders are rolled into shape. Larger girders (1 m/3 feet deep or more) are made as plate girders, welded or bolted together from separate pieces of steel plate. [2] The Warren type girder replaces the solid web with an open latticework truss between the flanges ...
Structural ironworkers also erect joist girders, bar joists, and trusses, and also install metal decking. When one bullpin is inadequate, the Ratliff Technique [citation needed] may be utilized in order to force a bullpin to align itself straight with a hole, by driving another bullpin or driftpin between a steel member, and the first bullpin.
A double floor is a floor framed with joists supported by larger timbers.. In traditional timber framing there may be a single set of joists which carry both a floor and ceiling called a single floor (single joist floor, single framed floor) or two sets of joists, one carrying the floor and another carrying the ceiling called a double floor (double framed floor).
The use of steel girders with web openings (SBWOs) for structures such as industrial buildings has proven to be extensive. [12] Civil engineers came up with a solution to use a composite design of ultra-shallow floor joists together with concrete used on the Douala Grand Mall in Cameroon . [ 13 ]
The girt is commonly used as a stabilizing element to the primary structure (e.g. column, post). Wall cladding fastened to the girt, or a discrete bracing system which includes the girt, can provide shear resistance, in the plane of the wall, along the length of the primary member.
Wood or steel floor frames usually include a rim joist around the perimeter of a system of floor joists, and often include bridging material near the center of a span to prevent lateral buckling of the spanning members. In two-story construction, openings are left in the floor system for a stairwell, in which stair risers and treads are most ...
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