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Crystal optics is the branch of optics that describes the behaviour of light in anisotropic media, that is, media (such as crystals) in which light behaves differently depending on which direction the light is propagating. The index of refraction depends on both composition and crystal structure and can be calculated using the Gladstone–Dale ...
It is composed of two major parts and , the former referring to components existing in cubic tensor and the latter in anisotropic tensor so that = +. This first component includes the modified Zener ratio and additionally accounts for directional differences in the material, which exist in orthotropic material, for instance.
Tensor descriptions of material properties can be used to determine the directional dependence of that property. For a monocrystalline material, anisotropy is associated with the crystal symmetry in the sense that more symmetric crystal types have fewer independent coefficients in the tensor description of a given property.
A crystal dendrite is a crystal that develops with a typical multi-branching form, resembling a fractal. The name comes from the Ancient Greek word δένδρον ( déndron ), which means "tree" [ citation needed ] , since the crystal's structure resembles that of a tree.
Voigt worked on crystal physics, thermodynamics and electro-optics. His main work was the Lehrbuch der Kristallphysik (Textbook on crystal physics), first published in 1910. He discovered what is now called the Voigt effect in 1898. The word tensor in its current meaning was introduced by him in 1898. [2] Voigt profile and Voigt notation are ...
In physics, tensor is an orientational order parameter that describes uniaxial and biaxial nematic liquid crystals and vanishes in the isotropic liquid phase. [1] The Q {\displaystyle \mathbf {Q} } tensor is a second-order, traceless, symmetric tensor and is defined by [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ]
The net force on each ion is generally calculated explicitly at each numerical step. From this, the stress tensor of the system can be calculated and usually is calculated by the numerical package. By varying the convergence criteria, one can either seek a lowest energy structure or a structure that produces a desired stress tensor.
Optical properties of common minerals Name Crystal system Indicatrix Optical sign Birefringence Color in plain polars Anorthite: Triclinic: Biaxial (-) 0.013