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An example of such an antibacterial is rifampicin, which inhibits bacterial transcription of DNA into mRNA by inhibiting DNA-dependent RNA polymerase by binding its beta-subunit, while 8-hydroxyquinoline is an antifungal transcription inhibitor. [55]
transcriptional regulation – controlling the rate of gene transcription for example by helping or hindering RNA polymerase binding to DNA; transcription – the process of making RNA from a DNA template by RNA polymerase; transcription factor – a substance, such as a protein, that contributes to the cause of a specific biochemical reaction ...
The Hox transcription factor family, for example, is important for proper body pattern formation in organisms as diverse as fruit flies to humans. [24] [25] Another example is the transcription factor encoded by the sex-determining region Y (SRY) gene, which plays a major role in determining sex in humans. [26]
The transcription preinitiation complex is a large complex of proteins that is necessary for the transcription of protein-coding genes in eukaryotes and archaea. It attaches to the promoter of the DNA (e.i., TATA box) and helps position the RNA polymerase II to the gene transcription start sites, denatures the DNA, and then starts transcription.
For example, the TATA box is the highly conserved DNA recognition sequence for the TATA box binding protein, TBP, whose binding initiates transcription complex assembly at many genes. Eukaryotic genes also contain regulatory sequences beyond the core promoter.
A transcriptional activator is a protein (transcription factor) that increases transcription of a gene or set of genes. [1] Activators are considered to have positive control over gene expression, as they function to promote gene transcription and, in some cases, are required for the transcription of genes to occur.
For example, in transcription, when a cell uses the information in a gene, the DNA sequence is copied into a complementary RNA sequence through the attraction between the DNA and the correct RNA nucleotides.
Trans-regulatory elements work through an intermolecular interaction between two different molecules and so are said to be "acting in trans".For example (1) a transcribed and translated transcription factor protein derived from the trans-regulatory element; and a (2) DNA regulatory element that is adjacent to the regulated gene.