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In Indian religions, both Hinduism and Buddhism, upadeśa is the spiritual instruction and example provided by the guru: The guru does not merely ask his disciple to perform a task; he helps him by remaining by his side and directing him, indeed remaining close to his heart and showing the pupil the path he must follow in this life. [2]
Aristotle would have fixed some rules for a proper spiritual guidance of pupils in the second book of his Rhetoric. Other examples can be found in Cynics , Epicureans —who used epistolary form for this purpose (e.g., Metrodorus )— or Stoics —like Marcus Aurelius , Seneca , Musonius Rufus or Epictetus in his Discourses —who actively ...
The meaning of spirituality has developed and expanded over time, and various meanings can be found alongside each other. [1] [2] [3] [note 1] Traditionally, spirituality is referred to a religious process of re-formation which "aims to recover the original shape of man", [note 2] oriented at "the image of God" [4] [5] as exemplified by the founders and sacred texts of the religions of the world.
The Tanya is composed of five sections that define Hasidic mystical psychology and theology as a handbook for daily spiritual life in Jewish observance. The Tanya is the main work of Chabad philosophy and the Chabad approach to Hasidic mysticism , as it defines its general interpretation and method.
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to spirituality: . Spirituality may refer to an ultimate or an alleged immaterial reality, [1] [need quotation to verify] an inner path enabling a person to discover the essence of their own being, or the "deepest values and meanings by which people live."
Ifá priests and practitioners use the Odu Ifá text as a guide for spiritual growth, self-discovery, and divination. The text is believed to contain the secrets of the universe, and its teachings are applied to various aspects of life, including relationships, health, wealth, and personal development. [8]
Catholic spirituality includes the various ways in which Catholics live out their Baptismal promise through prayer and action. The primary prayer of all Catholics is the Eucharistic liturgy in which they celebrate and share their faith together, in accord with Jesus' instruction: "Do this in memory of me."
The Engel scale was developed by James F. Engel, as a way of representing the journey from no knowledge of God, through to spiritual maturity as a Christian believer. [1] The model is used by some Christians to emphasise the process of conversion and the various decision-making steps that a person goes through in becoming a Christian.