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Researchers have examined animal cognition in mammals (especially primates, cetaceans, elephants, bears, dogs, cats, pigs, horses, [2] [3] [4] cattle, raccoons and rodents), birds (including parrots, fowl, corvids and pigeons), reptiles (lizards, snakes, and turtles), [5] fish and invertebrates (including cephalopods, spiders and insects).
Animal cognition is the title given to a modern approach to the mental capacities of non-human animals. It has developed out of comparative psychology, but has also been strongly influenced by the approach of ethology and behavioral ecology. Much of what used to be considered under the title of animal intelligence is now thought of under this ...
[1] Bat calls range from about 12,000 Hz - 160,000 Hz. n/a They also have a high quality sense of smell. n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a Dog: Dogs are dichromat and less sensitive to differences in grey shades than humans and also can detect brightness at about half the accuracy of humans. [2]
Cognitive bias in animals is a pattern of deviation in judgment, whereby inferences about other animals and situations may be affected by irrelevant information or emotional states. [1] It is sometimes said that animals create their own "subjective social reality" from their perception of the input. [ 2 ]
Perception is not only the passive receipt of these signals, but it is also shaped by the recipient's learning, memory, expectation, and attention. [4] [5] Sensory input is a process that transforms this low-level information to higher-level information (e.g., extracts shapes for object recognition). [5]
Perception includes such processes as the selection of information through attention, the organization of sensory information through grouping, and the identification of events and objects. In the dog, olfactory information (the sense of smell) is particularly salient (compared with humans) but the dog's senses also include vision, hearing ...
The idea that even if the animal were conscious nothing would be added to the production of behavior, even in animals of the human type, was first voiced by La Mettrie (1745), and then by Cabanis (1802), and was further explicated by Hodgson (1870) and Huxley (1874). [23] [24] Huxley (1874) likened mental phenomena to the whistle on a steam ...
For example, when timing a 10 sec interval an animal might be precise to within 1 sec, whereas when timing a 100 sec interval the animal would be precise to only about 10 sec. Thus time perception is like the perception of lights, sounds, and other sensory events, where precision is also relative to the size (brightness, loudness, etc.) of the ...