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The Cuban War of Independence (Spanish: Guerra de Independencia cubana), also known in Cuba as the Necessary War (Spanish: Guerra Necesaria), [5] fought from 1895 to 1898, was the last of three liberation wars that Cuba fought against Spain, the other two being the Ten Years' War (1868–1878) [6] and the Little War (1879–1880).
The Spanish–American War [b] (April 21 – December 10, 1898) was fought between Spain and the United States in 1898. It began with the sinking of the USS Maine in Havana Harbor in Cuba , and resulted in the U.S. acquisitions of Puerto Rico , Guam , and the Philippines , and its domination of Cuba.
American investment in Cuba during this time was particularly notable, driven by factors such as geographical proximity, economic interests, and political relations. The United States emerged as a key investor in Cuba, with investments flowing into industries such as sugar, mining, tourism, and transportation.
By 1902, American companies controlled 80% of Cuba's ore exports and owned most of the sugar and cigarette factories. [90] Immediately after the war, there were several serious barriers for foreign businesses attempting to operate in Cuba. The Joint Resolution of 1898, the Teller Amendment, and the Foraker Amendment threatened foreign investment.
Cuba presented itself as the perfect opportunity to make a difference with the newly gained freedoms Africans in the United States had received. Leaders among the African American groups like Frederick Douglass and Henry Highland Garnett postulated that true Cuban independence could only be true independence if it included the abolition of ...
Cuba's independence from Spain after the Spanish–American War in 1898 and its formation of a republic in 1902 led to investments in the Cuban economy from the United States. The doubling of sugar consumption in the United States between 1903 and 1925 further stimulated investment in Cuba to develop the infrastructure necessary for sugar ...
By 1898, a third of the Cuban population had been moved into camps where at least 170,000 people died due to either disease or a variety of other causes, resulting in the deaths of at least 10% of all Cubans. The Spanish were eventually defeated in the conflict, and as a result all the camps were shut down. [3]
The War Revenue Act of 1898 was introduced to fund American participation in the Spanish–American War. The people of Cuba had been seeking independence from Spain for several years, and after the destruction of the USS Maine (ACR-1) in Havana harbor on February 15, diplomatic relations between the U.S. and Spain dramatically worsened.