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  2. Autoclave - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autoclave

    An autoclave is a machine used to carry out industrial and scientific processes requiring elevated temperature and pressure in relation to ambient pressure and/or temperature. Autoclaves are used before surgical procedures to perform sterilization and in the chemical industry to cure coatings and vulcanize rubber and for hydrothermal synthesis ...

  3. Moist heat sterilization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moist_heat_sterilization

    Moist heat causes destruction of micro-organisms by denaturation of macromolecules, primarily proteins. Destruction of cells by lysis may also play a role. While "sterility" implies the destruction of free-living organisms which may grow within a sample, sterilization does not necessarily entail destruction of infectious matter.

  4. Dry heat sterilization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dry_heat_sterilization

    The dry heat sterilization process is accomplished by conduction; that is where heat is absorbed by the exterior surface of an item and then passed inward to the next layer.

  5. Sterilization (microbiology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sterilization_(microbiology)

    This method is a faster process than dry heat sterilization. Steam sterilization is performed using an autoclave, sometimes called a converter or steam sterilizer. The object or liquid is placed in the autoclave chamber, which is then sealed and heated using pressurized steam to a temperature set point for a defined period of time.

  6. Hydrothermal synthesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrothermal_synthesis

    The autoclave is heated in order to create a temperature gradient. The nutrient dissolves in the hotter zone and the saturated aqueous solution in the lower part is transported to the upper part by convective motion of the solution. The cooler and denser solution in the upper part of the autoclave descends while the counterflow of solution ascends.

  7. Creolin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creolin

    This procedure consists of distilling the wood in large autoclaves. From the vapors that emanate from distillation vegetable aguarrás also known as essence of turpentine is extracted. The residue remaining in the autoclave vessel is a dark, syrupy mass called creosote. It is composed mainly of phenol (phenolic acid) and cresol (cresylic acid ...

  8. Chlorhexidine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlorhexidine

    Mechanism of action. At physiologic pH, chlorhexidine salts dissociate and release the positively charged chlorhexidine cation. The bactericidal effect is a result of ...

  9. Antigen retrieval - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antigen_retrieval

    The mechanism of antigen retrieval is unclear. It believed to reverse cross-links, and allows for restoration of secondary of tertiary structure of the epitope. [5] Heat-induced antigen retrieval can be performed with microwave ovens, pressure cookers, vegetable steamers, autoclaves, or water baths.

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