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Zen developed in a Buddhist monastic context and throughout its history, most Zen masters have been Buddhist monastics ordained in the Buddhist monastic code living in Buddhist monasteries. [ 106 ] [ 107 ] East Asian Buddhist monasticism differs in various respects from traditional Buddhist monasticism however, emphasizing self-sufficiency .
Kodo Sawaki practicing zazen. Zazen is a meditative discipline that is typically the primary practice of the Zen Buddhist tradition. [1] [2]The generalized Japanese term for meditation is 瞑想 (meisō); however, zazen has been used informally to include all forms of seated Buddhist meditation.
See also Zen for an overview of Zen, Chan Buddhism for the Chinese origins, and Sōtō, Rinzai and Ōbaku for the three main schools of Zen in Japan. Japanese Zen refers to the Japanese forms of Zen Buddhism, an originally Chinese Mahāyāna school of Buddhism that strongly emphasizes dhyāna, the meditative training of awareness and equanimity. [1]
Chan is the originating tradition of Zen Buddhism (the Japanese pronunciation of the same character, which is the most commonly used English name for the school). Chan Buddhism spread from China south to Vietnam as Thiền and north to Korea as Seon, and, in the 13th century, east to Japan as Japanese Zen.
In Zen Buddhism, the zen-dō is a spiritual dōjō where zazen (sitting meditation) is practiced. A full-sized Zen Buddhist temple will typically have at least one zen-dō as well as a hon-dō (" main hall ", but sometimes translated as "Buddha hall"), which is used for ceremonial purposes, plus a variety of other buildings with different ...
In Buddhist traditions of Chán and Zen (the names of which are, respectively, the Chinese and Japanese pronunciations of dhyāna), as in Theravada and Tiantai, anapanasati (mindfulness of breathing), which is transmitted in the Buddhist tradition as a means to develop dhyana, is a central practice. In the Chan/Zen-tradition this practice is ...
Zen Buddhist training does not end with kenshō. Practice is to be continued to deepen the insight and to express it in daily life. [7] [1] [9] [105] According to the contemporary Chan Master Sheng Yen: Ch'an expressions refer to enlightenment as "seeing your self-nature". But even this is not enough.
Zen master John Daido Loori describes shikantaza as a challenging practice in spite of its name's simplicity. Mental strength ( joriki ) is not achieved through sustained concentration as in breath meditation , but through awareness of the flow of mind, without actively attempting to let go of a thought. [ 16 ]