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The PICO process (or framework) is a mnemonic used in evidence-based practice (and specifically evidence-based medicine) to frame and answer a clinical or health care related question, [1] though it is also argued that PICO "can be used universally for every scientific endeavour in any discipline with all study designs". [2]
The PRISMA flow diagram, depicting the flow of information through the different phases of a systematic review. PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) is an evidence-based minimum set of items aimed at helping scientific authors to report a wide array of systematic reviews and meta-analyses, primarily used to assess the benefits and harms of a health care ...
The CIPP framework was developed as a means of linking evaluation with program decision-making.It aims to provide an analytic and rational basis for program decision-making, based on a cycle of planning, structuring, implementing and reviewing and revising decisions, each examined through a different aspect of evaluation –context, input, process and product evaluation.
The Donabedian model is a conceptual model that provides a framework for examining health services and evaluating quality of health care. [1] According to the model, information about quality of care can be drawn from three categories: "structure", "process", and "outcomes". [2]
When problem analysis is incorporated into the software development process, the software development lifecycle starts with the problem analyst, who studies the situation and: creates a context diagram; gathers a list of requirements and adds a requirements oval to the context diagram, creating a grand "all-in-one" problem diagram.
The diagram below depicts an influence diagram which can be applied to any human reliability assessment [3]. This diagram was originally developed for use in the HRA of a scenario within the settings of a nuclear power situation. The diagram depicts the direct influences of each of the factors on the situation under consideration as well as providing as indication
The context diagram serves the purpose of "establish[ing] the information boundary between the system being implemented and the environment in which the system is to operate." [1] Further refinement of the context diagram requires analysis of the system designated by the shaded rectangle through the development of a system functional flow block ...
[11] [15] In this regard, methodology comes after formulating a research question and helps the researchers decide what methods to use in the process. For example, methodology should assist the researcher in deciding why one method of sampling is preferable to another in a particular case or which form of data analysis is likely to bring the ...