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The term "ortholog" was coined in 1970 by the molecular evolutionist Walter Fitch. [41] Homologous sequences are paralogous if they were created by a duplication event within the genome. For gene duplication events, if a gene in an organism is duplicated, the two copies are paralogous. They can shape the structure of whole genomes and thus ...
Top: An ancestral gene duplicates to produce two paralogs (Genes A and B). A speciation event produces orthologs in the two daughter species. Bottom: in a separate species, an unrelated gene has a similar function (Gene C) but has a separate evolutionary origin and so is an analog.
Some basic conventions, such as (1) that animal/human homolog (ortholog) pairs differ in letter case (title case and all caps, respectively) and (2) that the symbol is italicized when referring to the gene but nonitalic when referring to the protein, are often not followed by contributors to medical journals.
6469 20423 Ensembl ENSG00000164690 ENSMUSG00000002633 UniProt Q15465 Q62226 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_000193 NM_001310462 NM_009170 RefSeq (protein) NP_000184 NP_001297391 NP_033196 Location (UCSC) Chr 7: 155.8 – 155.81 Mb Chr 5: 28.66 – 28.67 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Sonic hedgehog protein (SHH) is encoded for by the SHH gene. The protein is named after the video ...
Sirtuin 1, also known as NAD-dependent deacetylase sirtuin-1, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SIRT1 gene. [5] [6] [7]SIRT1 stands for sirtuin (silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog) 1 (S. cerevisiae), referring to the fact that its sirtuin homolog (biological equivalent across species) in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) is Sir2.
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Lin-28 homolog A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LIN28 gene. [5] [6] LIN28 encodes an RNA-binding protein [7] that binds to and enhances the translation of the IGF-2 (insulin-like growth factor 2) mRNA. [8] Lin28 binds to the let-7 pre-microRNA and blocks production of the mature let-7 microRNA in mouse embryonic stem cells.
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