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A sewer pipe is normally at neutral air pressure compared to the surrounding atmosphere.When a column of waste water flows through a pipe, it compresses air ahead of it in the system, creating a positive pressure that must be released so it does not push back on the waste stream and downstream traps, slow drainage, and induce potential clogs.
The output of small condensate pumps is usually routed to a sewer, plumbing drain, or the outside world via PVC plastic tubing (condensate drain line). In some locales, condensate water is not permitted to enter a sewer system and must be directed to the outside of the house, usually into the leader/gutter downspout system, or the stormwater ...
Also, a tap (or automatic vent valve) can be installed to let the gas out. Air lock problems often occur when one is trying to recommission a system after it has been deliberately (for servicing) or accidentally emptied. Take, for example, a central heating system using a circulating pump to pump water through radiators
A condensing gas furnace includes a sealed combustion area, combustion draft inducer and a secondary heat exchanger. The primary gain in efficiency for a condensing gas furnace, as compared to a mid-efficiency forced-air or forced-draft furnace, is the capture of latent heat from the exhaust gases in the secondary heat exchanger.
This limit controller may shut the furnace off if the blower fails or if something is blocking the air flow. The heated air is then sent back through the home through supply ducts. In larger commercial applications, central heating is provided through an air handler which incorporates similar components as a furnace but on a larger scale.
As these need to operate in any orientation, they use a different mechanism rather than a float. The hygroscopic vent system uses hygroscopic cellulose fibre discs. [7] These are small discs of material that expand when wet and shrink if warm and dry. A dry valve acts as an air vent until a dribble of water passes through it and swells the ...
Kitchens and bathrooms typically have mechanical exhausts to control odors and sometimes humidity. Factors in the design of such systems include the flow rate (which is a function of the fan speed and exhaust vent size) and noise level. Direct drive fans are available for many applications and can reduce maintenance needs.
In the United States, plumbing codes usually provide strict limitations on how far a trap may be located from the nearest vent stack. When a vent cannot be provided, an air admittance valve may be used instead. These devices avoid negative pressure in the drain pipe by venting room air into the drain pipe (behind the trap).