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The chance of cancer formation depends on the type, with between 3–15% of localized leukoplakia and 70–100% of proliferative leukoplakia developing into squamous cell carcinoma. [4] Leukoplakia is a descriptive term that should only be applied after other possible causes are ruled out. [6]
Hairy leukoplakia is a white patch on the side of the tongue with a corrugated or hairy appearance. It is caused by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and occurs usually in persons who are immunocompromised , especially those with human immunodeficiency virus infection/ acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS).
The subcutaneous tissue is a layer of fat between the dermis and underlying fascia. [14] This tissue may be further divided into two components, the actual fatty layer, or panniculus adiposus, and a deeper vestigial layer of muscle, the panniculus carnosus. [3] The main cellular component of this tissue is the adipocyte, or fat cell. [14]
Candidiasis is a fungal infection due to any species of the genus Candida (a yeast). [4] When it affects the mouth, in some countries it is commonly called thrush. [3] Signs and symptoms include white patches on the tongue or other areas of the mouth and throat. [3]
Some sources use this term to describe leukoplakia lesions that become colonized secondarily by Candida species, thereby distinguishing it from hyperplastic candidiasis. [10] It is known that Candida resides more readily in mucosa that is altered, such as may occur with dysplasia and hyperkeratosis in an area of leukoplakia.
Vaginal yeast infections are due to excessive growth of Candida. [1] These yeast are normally present in the vagina in small numbers. [1] Vaginal yeast infections are typically caused by the yeast species Candida albicans. Candida albicans is a common fungus often harbored in the mouth, digestive tract, or vagina without causing adverse ...
The term hyperkeratosis is often used in connection with lesions of the mucous membranes, such as leukoplakia. Because of the differences between mucous membranes and the skin (e.g., keratinizing mucosa does not have a stratum lucidum and non keratinizing mucosa does not have this layer or normally a stratum corneum or a stratum granulosum ...
Erythroplakia is analogous to the term leukoplakia which describes white patches. Together, these are the 2 traditionally accepted types of premalignant lesion in the mouth, [9] [10] When a lesion contains both red and white areas, the term "speckled leukoplakia" or "eyrthroleukoplakia" is used.