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Pope Pius XII's response to the Roman razzia (Italian for roundup), or mass deportation of Jews, on October 16, 1943, is a significant issue relating to Pope Pius XII and the Holocaust. Under Mussolini , no policy of abduction of Jews had been implemented in Italy.
Pius XII was crowned Pope of the Catholic Church on 2 March 1939, and was thus leader of the Church and of the Vatican City, a neutral state, during all of World War II. During Pius's reign, and for several years after his death in 1958, he was praised by political leaders, civilians, and the press.
During the Holocaust, the Catholic Church played a role in rescuing hundreds of thousands of Jews from persecution by Nazi Germany.Members of the Church, through lobbying of Axis officials, providing false documents, and the hiding of people in monasteries, convents, schools, among families and the institutions of the Vatican itself, saved hundreds of thousands of Jews.
The Ghetto of Rome was established as a result of the papal bull Cum nimis absurdum, issued by Pope Paul IV on the 14th of July, 1555. By the time of the raid, it was almost 400 years old and consisted of four cramped blocks around the Portico d’Ottavia, wedged between the Theatre of Marcellus, the Fontana delle Tartarughe, Palazzo Cenci, and the river Tiber.
Pope John Paul II visited on 14 February 1988. [11] On 28 June 1988, it was made a titular church to be held by a cardinal-deacon. [12] [13] Cardinal-Protectors. Achille Silvestrini (1988–2019); promoted to cardinal-priest in 1999 but remained as titulus of San Benedetto fuori Porta San Paolo pro hac vice [14] [15] Christophe Pierre (2023 ...
In 1848, at the liberal beginning of his pontificate, Pius IX permitted Jews to live outside the ghetto. Following a brief period of exile, however, during which time Rome was controlled by a second Roman Republic [ 13 ] which strongly opposed Church power, the Pope issued a new series of anti-liberal measures, including re-instituting the ...
Roncalli succeeded Pius XII as Pope, always said he was acting on the orders of Pius XII in his actions to rescue Jews. [146] In 1943 after the German military became active once again in Croatia, six to seven thousand Jews were deported to Auschwitz , others murdered in gas vans in Croatia.
On 20 March 1930, Pope Pius named him Apostolic Nuncio to Hungary, [5] a position he held for fifteen years.. As Papal Nuncio representing Pope Pius XII in Hungary, Rotta actively protested Hungary's mistreatment of the Jews, and helped persuade Pope Pius XII to lobby the Hungarian leader Admiral Horthy to stop their deportation. [6]