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Azadirachta indica, commonly known as neem, margosa, nimtree or Indian lilac, [3] is a tree in the mahogany family Meliaceae. It is one of the two species in the genus Azadirachta . It is native to the Indian subcontinent and to parts of Southeast Asia , but is naturalized and grown around the world in tropical and subtropical areas.
Flowers are bisexual, borne on terminal panicles in upper axil and shorter leaves. Flowering occurs January to March, fruiting occurs November to February, [1] [2] and leaf fall occurs from February to March. Melia dubia is said to possess medical properties and is used in the treatment of various ailments such as cancer.
The plant is also sometimes called sweet neem, though M. koenigii is in a different family from neem, Azadirachta indica, which is in the related family Meliaceae. Its leaves, known as curry leaves , also referred to as sweet neem , are used in many dishes in the Indian subcontinent .
Azadirachtin, a chemical compound belonging to the limonoid group, is a secondary metabolite present in neem seeds. It is a highly oxidized tetranortriterpenoid which boasts a plethora of oxygen-bearing functional groups, including an enol ether , acetal, hemiacetal , tetra-substituted epoxide and a variety of carboxylic esters .
Neem cake organic manure is the by-product obtained in the process of cold pressing of neem tree fruits and kernels, and the solvent extraction process for neem oil cake. It is a potential source of organic manure under the Bureau of Indian Standards, Specification No. 8558. Neem has demonstrated considerable potential as a fertilizer.
The boiled juice or a tea made from the leaves or the whole plant is taken to relieve fever and other symptoms. It is also used for dysentery, pain, and liver disorders. [143] A tea of the leaves is taken to help control diabetes in Peru and other areas. [144] Laboratory tests indicate that the plant has anti-inflammatory properties. [145 ...
Tukhm-e-Tamar Hindi Khord Tamarindus indica: Tellicherry bark اندرجوتلخ Indarjo Talkh Holarrhena antidysenterica: Thymol ست اجوائن Sat Ajwain Trachyspermum ammi: Toothache fruit کباب خنداں Kabab Khandan Zanthoxylum alatum: Tragacanth gum گوند کتیرا Gond Katira Astragalus gummifer: Tree turmeric رسوت Rasoot
Formulations that include neem oil have found wide usage as a biopesticide for horticulturists [4] and for organic farming, as it repels a wide variety of insect pests including mealy bugs, beet armyworms, aphids, cabbage worms, thrips, whiteflies, mites, fungus gnats, beetles, moth larvae, mushroom flies, leaf miners, caterpillars, locusts, nematodes and Japanese beetles.
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