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α-Tocopherol (alpha-tocopherol) is a type of vitamin E.Its E number is "E307". Vitamin E exists in eight different forms, four tocopherols and four tocotrienols.All feature a chromane ring, with a hydroxyl group that can donate a hydrogen atom to reduce free radicals and a hydrophobic side chain, along with an aromatic ring is situated near the carbonyls in the fatty acyl chains of the ...
The international unit measurement was used by the United States in 1968–2016. 1 IU is the biological equivalent of about 0.667 mg d (RRR)-alpha-tocopherol (2/3 mg exactly), or of 0.90 mg of dl-alpha-tocopherol, corresponding to the then-measured relative potency of stereoisomers.
It is made by esterifying α-tocopherol with acetic acid. 2R,4R,8R-isomer, also known as RRR-α-tocopheryl acetate, is the most common isomer used for various purposes. This is because α-tocopherol occurs in nature primarily as RRR-α-tocopherol. [2] α-Tocopherol acetate does not boil at atmospheric pressure and begins to degrade at 240 °C. [2]
1 IU of tocopherol is defined as ⅔ milligrams of RRR-α-tocopherol (formerly named d-α-tocopherol or sometimes ddd-α-tocopherol). 1 IU is also defined as 1 milligram of an equal mix of the eight stereoisomers, which is a racemic mixture called all-rac-α-tocopheryl acetate. This mix of stereoisomers is often called dl-α-tocopheryl acetate ...
Vitamin E was named "tocopherol" (from the Greek words tokos, meaning childbirth, and phero, meaning to bring forth) due to its presumed role in aiding conception. Subsequent research identified eight molecules in the vitamin E family, divided into tocopherols and tocotrienols: alpha, beta, delta, and gamma forms [18].
The naturally occurring plant form of alpha-tocopherol is RRR-α-tocopherol whereas the synthetic form (all-racemic vitamin E, or dl-tocopherol) is equal parts of the stereoisomers RRR, RRS, RSS, SSS, RSR, SRS, SRR, and SSR with progressively decreasing biological equivalency, so that 1.36 mg of dl-tocopherol is considered equivalent to 1.0 mg ...
Vitamin E, including tocotrienol and tocopherol, is fat soluble and protects lipids. Sources include wheat germ, seabuckthorn, nuts, seeds, whole grains, green leafy vegetables, kiwifruit, vegetable oil, and fish-liver oil. Alpha-tocopherol is the main form in which vitamin E is consumed.
α-Tocopheryl palmitate is the palmitate ester of α-tocopherol and is a form of vitamin E. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Related compounds include α-tocopheryl acetate and α-tocopheryl succinate . See also
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