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[1] [2] Simple aromatic rings can be heterocyclic if they contain non-carbon ring atoms, for example, oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur. They can be monocyclic as in benzene, bicyclic as in naphthalene, or polycyclic as in anthracene. Simple monocyclic aromatic rings are usually five-membered rings like pyrrole or six-membered rings like pyridine.
The compound in which a benzene ring is fused to arsole — typically on the carbon atoms 3 and 4 — is known as benzarsole. [3] Cumene (C 9 H 12), an aromatic hydrocarbon used in the production of phenol and acetone. Cummingtonite ((Mg,Fe 2+) 2 (Mg,Fe 2+) 5 Si 8 O 22 (OH) 2), a magnesium-iron silicate hydroxide, first identified in Cummington ...
Heteroarenes are aromatic compounds, where at least one methine or vinylene (-C= or -CH=CH-) group is replaced by a heteroatom: oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur. [3] Examples of non-benzene compounds with aromatic properties are furan, a heterocyclic compound with a five-membered ring that includes a single oxygen atom, and pyridine, a heterocyclic compound with a six-membered ring containing one ...
Molecules with rings have additional sigma bonds, such as benzene rings, which have 6 C−C sigma bonds within the ring for 6 carbon atoms. The anthracene molecule, C 14 H 10, has three rings so that the rule gives the number of sigma bonds as 24 + 3 − 1 = 26. In this case there are 16 C−C sigma bonds and 10 C−H bonds.
The term benzylic is used to describe the position of the first carbon bonded to a benzene or other aromatic ring. For example, (C 6 H 5)(CH 3) 2 C + is referred to as a "benzylic" carbocation. The benzyl free radical has the formula C 6 H 5 CH 2 •.
The Buchner ring expansion reaction was first used in 1885 by Eduard Buchner and Theodor Curtius [1] [2] who prepared a carbene from ethyl diazoacetate for addition to benzene using both thermal and photochemical pathways in the synthesis of cycloheptatriene derivatives. The resulting product was a mixture of four isomeric carboxylic acids ...
2.26 g/L (61 °C) 3.94 g/L (100 °C) 21.7 g/kg (200 °C, 6.5 MPa) ... Lonsdale demonstrated that the benzene ring could not be anything but a flat hexagon, and ...
7 i. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The compound consists of a benzene ring with an attached iodidemethyl group. The substance is an alkyl halide and is a constitutional isomer of the iodotoluenes.