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Biosynthesis: The enzyme 3-dehydroquinate dehydratase uses 3-dehydroquinate to produce 3-dehydroshikimate and H 2 O. 3-Dehydroshikimate is then reduced to shikimic acid by the enzyme shikimate dehydrogenase, which uses nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) as a cofactor. Biosynthesis of shikimic acid from 3-dehydroquinate
3-dehydroshikimate dehydratase (EC 4.2.1.118) is an enzyme with systematic name 3-dehydroshikimate hydro-lyase. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction 3-dehydro-shikimate ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate + H 2 O
In enzymology, a shikimate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.25) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction shikimate + NADP + ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } 3-dehydroshikimate + NADPH + H + Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are shikimate and NADP + , whereas its 3 products are 3-dehydroshikimate , NADPH , and H + .
The enzyme 3-dehydroquinate dehydratase (EC 4.2.1.10) catalyzes the chemical reaction 3-dehydroquinate ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } 3-dehydroshikimate + H 2 O This enzyme belongs to the family of lyases , specifically the hydro-lyases, which cleave carbon-oxygen bonds.
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Shikimate kinase (EC 2.7.1.71) is an enzyme that catalyzes the ATP-dependent phosphorylation of shikimate to form shikimate 3-phosphate. [1] This reaction is the fifth step of the shikimate pathway, [2] which is used by plants and bacteria to synthesize the common precursor of aromatic amino acids and secondary metabolites.
(2) shikimate + NAD(P) + 3-dehydroshikimate + NAD(P)H + H + This is the second shikimate dehydrogenase enzyme found in Escherichia coli and differs from EC 1.1.1.25 , shikimate dehydrogenase, in that it can use both quinate and shikimate as substrate, and either NAD + or NADP + as acceptor.
The shikimate pathway, named after shikimic acid as important intermediate, is a seven-step metabolic route used by bacteria, fungi, algae, parasites, and plants for the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids (phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan).