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Anatolia (Turkish: Anadolu), also known as Asia Minor, [a] is a peninsula in West Asia that makes up the majority of the land area of Turkey.It is the westernmost protrusion of Asia and is geographically bounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the south, the Aegean Sea to the west, the Turkish Straits and the Sea of Marmara to the northwest, and the Black Sea to the north.
Map of Western Anatolia showing the "Seven Churches of Asia" and the Greek island of Patmos. As one of the principal cities of Roman Asia, [11] Smyrna vied with Ephesus and Pergamum for the title "First City of Asia." A Christian church and a bishopric existed there from earliest times, probably originating in the considerable Jewish colony.
The history of Anatolia (often referred to in historical sources as Asia Minor) can be roughly subdivided into: Prehistory of Anatolia (up to the end of the 3rd millennium BCE), Ancient Anatolia (including Hattian, Hittite and post-Hittite periods), Classical Anatolia (including Achaemenid, Hellenistic and Roman periods), Byzantine Anatolia (later overlapping, since the 11th century, with the ...
Troy VIIa was the final layer of the Late Bronze Age city. It was built soon after the destruction of Troy VI, seemingly by its previous inhabitants. The builders reused many of the earlier city's surviving structures, notably its citadel wall, which they renovated with additional stone towers and mudbrick breastworks.
Mongols defeat Seljuk Turks at the Battle of Sultanhan, Aksaray Province, Central Anatolia. 1258: Mongols partition the country. Double sultanate 1262: Kılıç Arslan IV 1260–1266 1266: Keyhüsrev III 1266–1284 1277: Karamanoğlu Mehmet Bey, a semi independent bey, allies himself with the Mameluk sultan Baybars who invades a part of Anatolia.
Founded in antiquity as Philadelphia (Greek: Φιλαδέλφεια, i.e., "the city of him who loves his brother"), the town was known as such until it was conquered by the Ottomans in 1390. Alaşehir stands on elevated ground commanding the extensive and fertile plain of the Gediz River ( Hermus in antiquity), presenting an imposing ...
The royal residence, or acropolis, was built on a high ridge now known as Büyükkale (Great Fortress). [11] The city displayed over 6 km (3.7 mi) of walls, with inner and outer skins around 3 m (9.8 ft) of thick and 2 m (6 ft 7 in) of space between them, adding 8 m (26 ft) of the total thickness. [12] The Great Temple in the inner city
[7] [8] Traditionally, Anatolia was considered to be a peninsula the eastern boundary of which was a line from the Black Sea to the Gulf of Alexandretta, which is to the west of what is now the Eastern Anatolia Region. [9] [10] As a geographical term, this definition continues to be used. [11]