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They also reduce the mitochondrial membrane potential in mammalian cells, which reduces production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In contrast to UCP1 and UCP3, which are primarily expressed in adipose and smooth muscle, UCP2 is expressed on many different tissues [ 6 ] including the kidney, liver, GI tract, brain, and skeletal muscle.
The drop in extracellular potassium can lead to a decrease in membrane potential of 35 mV. [25 ... The transmembrane potential of the mitochondria drives the ...
This difference in charge is called the cell's membrane potential. In the process of depolarization, the negative internal charge of the cell temporarily becomes more positive (less negative). This shift from a negative to a more positive membrane potential occurs during several processes, including an action potential. During an action ...
They also reduce the mitochondrial membrane potential in mammalian cells. Tissue specificity occurs for the different UCPs and the exact methods of how UCPs transfer H+/OH- are not known. UCPs contain the three homologous protein domains of MACPs.
It is primarily driven by the mitochondrial membrane potential. [55] Release of this calcium back into the cell's interior can occur via a sodium-calcium exchange protein or via "calcium-induced-calcium-release" pathways. [61] This can initiate calcium spikes or calcium waves with large changes in the membrane potential.
An increase in UCP-2 levels leads to a rapid decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential, reducing mitochondrial NADH and intracellular ATP levels, initiating the oncotic pathway. The anti-apoptotic gene product Bcl-2 is not an active inhibitor of UCP-2 initiated cell death, further distinguishing oncosis and apoptosis as distinct cellular ...
Voltage-dependent anion channels, or mitochondrial porins, are a class of porin ion channel located on the outer mitochondrial membrane. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] There is debate as to whether or not this channel is expressed in the cell surface membrane.
This membrane potential is ultimately what allows for the mitochondria to generate large quantities of ATP. [ 17 ] Protons being pumped from the mitochondrial matrix into the intermembrane space as the electron transport chain runs, lowering the pH of the intermembrane space.