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  2. Call stack - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Call_stack

    The stack pointer is a mutable register shared between all invocations. A frame pointer of a given invocation of a function is a copy of the stack pointer as it was before the function was invoked. [2] The locations of all other fields in the frame can be defined relative either to the top of the frame, as negative offsets of the stack pointer ...

  3. Stack register - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stack_register

    In 8086, the main stack register is called "stack pointer" (SP). The stack segment register (SS) is usually used to store information about the memory segment that stores the call stack of currently executed program. SP points to current stack top. By default, the stack grows downward in memory, so newer values are placed at lower memory addresses.

  4. Stack-based memory allocation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stack-based_memory_allocation

    Many Unix-like systems as well as Microsoft Windows implement a function called alloca for dynamically allocating stack memory in a way similar to the heap-based malloc.A compiler typically translates it to inlined instructions manipulating the stack pointer, similar to how variable-length arrays are handled. [4]

  5. Calling convention - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calling_convention

    When some code calls a function, design choices have been taken for where and how parameters are passed to that function, and where and how results are returned from that function, with these transfers typically done via certain registers or within a stack frame on the call stack. There are design choices for how the tasks of preparing for a ...

  6. x86 calling conventions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X86_calling_conventions

    The difference is the addition of the this pointer, which is pushed onto the stack last, as if it were the first parameter in the function prototype. On the Microsoft Visual C++ compiler, the this pointer is passed in ECX and it is the callee that cleans the stack, mirroring the stdcall convention used in C for this compiler and in Windows API ...

  7. Stack (abstract data type) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stack_(abstract_data_type)

    A pop or pull operation: a data item at the current location to which the stack pointer points is read, and the stack pointer is moved by a distance corresponding to the size of that data item. There are many variations on the basic principle of stack operations. Every stack has a fixed location in memory at which it begins.

  8. x86 assembly language - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X86_assembly_language

    SP (Stack pointer): Points to the top of stack in memory. It is automatically updated during PUSH and POP operations. BP (Base Pointer): Points to the top of the call stack. It is primarily used to access function parameters and local variables within the call stack. SI (Source Index): Used as a pointer to the source in string and memory array ...

  9. Function prologue and epilogue - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Function_prologue_and_epilogue

    Drop the stack pointer to the current base pointer, so room reserved in the prologue for local variables is freed. Pops the base pointer off the stack, so it is restored to its value before the prologue. Returns to the calling function, by popping the previous frame's program counter off the stack and jumping to it.