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The Kalam cosmological argument was influenced by the concept of the prime mover, introduced by Aristotle.It originates in the works of theologian and philosopher John Philoponus (490–570 AD) [10] and was developed substantially under the medieval Islamic scholastic tradition during the Islamic Golden Age.
A cosmological argument can also sometimes be referred to as an argument from universal causation, an argument from first cause, the causal argument or the prime mover argument. The concept of causation is a principal underpinning idea in all cosmological arguments, particularly in affirming the necessity for a First Cause .
John Philoponus (Greek: / f ɪ ˈ l ɒ p ə n ə s /; Ἰωάννης ὁ Φιλόπονος, Ioánnis o Philóponos; c. 490 – c. 570), also known as John the Grammarian or John of Alexandria, was a Coptic Miaphysite [1] philologist, Aristotelian commentator and Christian theologian from Alexandria, Byzantine Egypt, who authored a number of philosophical treatises and theological works.
Sharia (Islamic law) placed importance on formulating standards of argument, which gave rise to a novel approach to logic in Kalam, but this approach was later displaced by ideas from Greek philosophy and Hellenistic philosophy with the rise of the Mu'tazili philosophers, who highly valued Aristotle's Organon.
The cosmological argument is an a posteriori argument for a cause or reason for the cosmos. [ 41 ] One type of cosmological, or "first cause" argument, typically called the Kalam cosmological argument , asserts that since everything that begins to exist has a cause, and the universe began to exist, the universe must have had a cause which was ...
The Kalām Cosmological Argument is a 1979 book by the philosopher William Lane Craig, in which the author offers a contemporary defense of the Kalām cosmological argument and argues for the existence of God, with an emphasis on the alleged metaphysical impossibility of an infinite regress of past events. First, Craig argues that the universe ...
Kalam cosmological argument; L. ... Mathematics and God; Meinongian argument; Argument from morality; N. Natural Theology or Evidences of the Existence and Attributes ...
In 2017, Vilenkin stated that he does not think there are any viable cosmological models that escape the scenario. [9] Sean M. Carroll argues that the theorem only applies to classical spacetime, and may not hold under consideration of a complete theory of quantum gravity. He added that Alan Guth, one of the co-authors of the theorem, disagrees ...