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In Euclidean geometry, the intersecting chords theorem, or just the chord theorem, is a statement that describes a relation of the four line segments created by two intersecting chords within a circle. It states that the products of the lengths of the line segments on each chord are equal. It is Proposition 35 of Book 3 of Euclid's Elements.
This is a fundamental result in absolute geometry because its proof does not depend upon the parallel postulate. In several high school treatments of geometry, the term "exterior angle theorem" has been applied to a different result, [ 1 ] namely the portion of Proposition 1.32 which states that the measure of an exterior angle of a triangle is ...
Other common auxiliary constructs in elementary plane synthetic geometry are the helping circles. As an example, a proof of the theorem on the sum of angles of a triangle can be done by adding a straight line parallel to one of the triangle sides (passing through the opposite vertex).
A two-column proof published in 1913. A particular way of organising a proof using two parallel columns is often used as a mathematical exercise in elementary geometry classes in the United States. [29] The proof is written as a series of lines in two columns.
A proof given by John Wellesley Russell uses Pasch's axiom to consider cases where a line does or does not meet a triangle. [4] First, the sign of the left-hand side will be negative since either all three of the ratios are negative, the case where the line DEF misses the triangle (see diagram), or one is negative and the other two are positive, the case where DEF crosses two sides of the ...
The intercept theorem, also known as Thales's theorem, basic proportionality theorem or side splitter theorem, is an important theorem in elementary geometry about the ratios of various line segments that are created if two rays with a common starting point are intercepted by a pair of parallels.
The hinge theorem holds in Euclidean spaces and more generally in simply connected non-positively curved space forms.. It can be also extended from plane Euclidean geometry to higher dimension Euclidean spaces (e.g., to tetrahedra and more generally to simplices), as has been done for orthocentric tetrahedra (i.e., tetrahedra in which altitudes are concurrent) [2] and more generally for ...
The object of thought is deductive reasoning (simple proofs), which the student learns to combine to form a system of formal proofs (Euclidean geometry). Learners can construct geometric proofs at a secondary school level and understand their meaning. They understand the role of undefined terms, definitions, axioms and theorems in Euclidean ...
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