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In chemistry, the lever rule is a formula used to determine the mole fraction (x i) or the mass fraction (w i) of each phase of a binary equilibrium phase diagram.It can be used to determine the fraction of liquid and solid phases for a given binary composition and temperature that is between the liquidus and solidus line.
Binodal curves, tie-lines, lever rule and invariant points – How to read phase diagrams (Video by SciFox on TIB AV-Portal) The Alloy Phase Diagram International Commission (APDIC) Periodic table of phase diagrams of the elements (pdf poster)
This equation of state of the mixture is called the lever rule. [5] [6] [7] The dotted parts of the curve in Fig. 1 are metastable states. For many years such states were an academic curiosity; Callen [8] gave as an example, "water that has been cooled below 0°C at a pressure of 1 atm. A tap on a beaker of water in this condition precipitates ...
In thermodynamics, the phase rule is a general principle governing multi-component, multi-phase systems in thermodynamic equilibrium.For a system without chemical reactions, it relates the number of freely varying intensive properties (F) to the number of components (C), the number of phases (P), and number of ways of performing work on the system (N): [1] [2] [3]: 123–125
At the peritectic decomposition temperature the compound, rather than melting, decomposes into another solid compound and a liquid. The proportion of each is determined by the lever rule. In the Al-Au phase diagram, for example, it can be seen that only two of the phases melt congruently, AuAl 2 and Au 2 Al, while the rest peritectically decompose.
Solidification of a binary Cu Zn alloy, with composition of 30% of Zinc in weight, using open version of Computherm Pandat. Red line is following lever rule, while Scheil model applies to the blue one
The proportion of ferrite and cementite forming above the eutectoid point can be calculated from the iron/iron—carbide equilibrium phase diagram using the lever rule. Steels with pearlitic (eutectoid composition) or near-pearlitic microstructure (near-eutectoid composition) can be drawn into thin wires.
The lever is operated by applying an input force F A at a point A located by the coordinate vector r A on the bar. The lever then exerts an output force F B at the point B located by r B. The rotation of the lever about the fulcrum P is defined by the rotation angle θ in radians. Archimedes lever, Engraving from Mechanics Magazine, published ...