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A characteristic feature of the Makassar languages is the occurrence of echo vowels with stems ending in final /r/, /l/ or /s/.E.g. /botol/ 'bottle' is realized as bótolo in Selayar and Coastal Konjo, and as bótoloʔ in Makassarese and Highland Konjo (the latter regularly adds a glottal stop to the echo vowel).
Makassarese is also considered important as a marker of ethnic identity. However, in urban communities, code-switching or code-mixing between Makassar and Indonesian is common. Some urban Makassar residents, especially those from the middle class or with multiethnic backgrounds, also use Indonesian as the primary language in their households. [16]
Makassar city sign. Paruntuk Kana (Lontara script: ᨄᨑᨘᨈᨘᨀᨊ, parable) is a type of Makassarese poetry. It is similar to a proverb or aphorism and conveys advice, satire, or praise. [1] [2] Nowadays, Paruntuk Kana is virtually forgotten by Makassarese people as a part of their culture. In the past, it was used to show the respectful ...
Makassar Malay is a creole-based mixed language, which is built of Bazaar Malay lexicon, Makassarese inflections, and mixed Malay/Makassarese syntax. [ 22 ] [ 23 ] It is now widely spoken as the first language in Makassar City and its surrounding areas, especially those who were born after 1980's.
Indonesian slang vernacular (Indonesian: bahasa gaul, Betawi: basa gaul), or Jakarta colloquial speech (Indonesian: bahasa informal, bahasa sehari-hari) is a term that subsumes various urban vernacular and non-standard styles of expression used throughout Indonesia that are not necessarily mutually intelligible.
The Makasar script, also known as Ukiri' Jangang-jangang (bird's script) or Old Makasar script, is a historical Indonesian writing system that was used in South Sulawesi to write the Makassarese language between the 17th and 19th centuries until it was supplanted by the Lontara Bugis script.
Colloquially, dia orang (or its contracted form diorang) is commonly used for the plural "they" whereas mereka "they", mereka itu, or orang itu "those people" are used in writing. Baginda – corresponding to "his/her Majesty/Highness" – is used for addressing royal figures and religious prophets, especially in Islamic literature.
orang ruma anjing kucing kalapa hari baru torang kita/saya ngana apa deng Ambonese Malay: satu dua tiga ampa air orang ruma anjing kucing kalapa hari baru katong kita/saya ngana apa dan Acehnese: sa dua lhèë peuët ië ureuëng rumoh asèë miong / miei u uroë ban geutanyoë lon droeneuh peuë ngon Nias: sara dua tölu öfa idanö niha omo ...