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Original and simplified example circuit. While there are many ways to minimize a circuit, this is an example that minimizes (or simplifies) a Boolean function. The Boolean function carried out by the circuit is directly related to the algebraic expression from which the function is implemented. [7]
This expression says that the output function f will be 1 for the minterms ,,,, and (denoted by the 'm' term) and that we don't care about the output for and combinations (denoted by the 'd' term). The summation symbol ∑ {\displaystyle \sum } denotes the logical sum (logical OR, or disjunction) of all the terms being summed over.
In computer science and formal methods, a SAT solver is a computer program which aims to solve the Boolean satisfiability problem.On input a formula over Boolean variables, such as "(x or y) and (x or not y)", a SAT solver outputs whether the formula is satisfiable, meaning that there are possible values of x and y which make the formula true, or unsatisfiable, meaning that there are no such ...
Boolean function; Boolean-valued function; Boolean-valued model; Boolean satisfiability problem; Boolean differential calculus; Indicator function (also called the characteristic function, but that term is used in probability theory for a different concept) Espresso heuristic logic minimizer; Logical matrix; Logical value; Stone duality; Stone ...
For example, given the Boolean expression: = () will become: = () (), with ,,, …, being all distinct variables. This relaxes the problem by introducing new variables into the Boolean expression, [ 4 ] which has the effect of removing many of the constraints in the expression.
The following is the skeleton of a generic branch and bound algorithm for minimizing an arbitrary objective function f. [3] To obtain an actual algorithm from this, one requires a bounding function bound, that computes lower bounds of f on nodes of the search tree, as well as a problem-specific branching rule.
If the problem is of minimization, transform to maximization by multiplying the objective by −1. For any greater-than constraints, introduce surplus s i and artificial variables a i (as shown below). Choose a large positive Value M and introduce a term in the objective of the form −M multiplying the artificial variables.
Examples of don't-care terms are the binary values 1010 through 1111 (10 through 15 in decimal) for a function that takes a binary-coded decimal (BCD) value, because a BCD value never takes on such values (so called pseudo-tetrades); in the pictures, the circuit computing the lower left bar of a 7-segment display can be minimized to a b + a c by an appropriate choice of circuit outputs for ...