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Specifically, the borrower must be a "new borrower" as of October 1, 2007, and have received a disbursement of a Direct Loan on or after October 1, 2011. A borrower is a "new borrower" if, when receiving a federal student loan on or after October 1, 2007, the borrower did not have an outstanding balance on another federal student loan.
In 1987, then-Secretary of Education William Bennett argued that "... increases in financial aid in recent years have enabled colleges and universities blithely to raise tuition, confident that Federal loan subsidies would help cushion the increase." [120] This statement came to be known as the "Bennett Hypothesis".
A Pell Grant is a subsidy the U.S. federal government provides for students who need it to pay for college. Federal Pell Grants are limited to students with exceptional financial need, who have not earned their first bachelor's degree, or who are enrolled in certain post-baccalaureate programs, through participating institutions.
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In the college financial aid process in the United States, a student's "need" is a figure that colleges use when calculating how much financial aid to offer a student. It is determined by taking the college's Cost of Attendance , which current rules require each college to specify.
Each year Federal Student Aid's staff processes approximately 22 million FAFSAs. Additionally, Federal Student Aid is responsible for enforcing the financial aid rules and regulations required by the Higher Education Act of 1965 and the U.S. Department of Education and managing the outstanding federal student loan portfolio.
As with other types of federal financial aid, students who applied for a Stafford Loan were required to complete a FAFSA. While the student was enrolled for at least half-time they were not expected to pay any principal payments on the loan, a status referred to as in-school deferment.
Federal aid policies expanded loan eligibility and shifted from grants to loans [29] starting the rising student debt. The Federal Pell Grant, a form of federal aid for higher education students that does not need to be re-paid, only provides a maximum annual grant of $6,195 per student for the 2019-2020 award year. [ 30 ]