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Python supports most object oriented programming (OOP) techniques. It allows polymorphism, not only within a class hierarchy but also by duck typing. Any object can be used for any type, and it will work so long as it has the proper methods and attributes. And everything in Python is an object, including classes, functions, numbers and modules.
The most common method of introspection in Python is using the dir function to detail the attributes of an object. For example: For example: class Foo : def __init__ ( self , val ): self . x = val def bar ( self ): return self . x
In C#, a class is a reference type while a struct (concept derived from the struct in C language) is a value type. [5] Hence an instance derived from a class definition is an object while an instance derived from a struct definition is said to be a value object (to be precise a struct can be made immutable to represent a value object declaring attributes as readonly [6]).
In Python, == compares by value. Python's is operator may be used to compare object identities (comparison by reference), and comparisons may be chained—for example, a <= b <= c. Python uses and, or, and not as Boolean operators. Python has a type of expression named a list comprehension, and a more general expression named a generator ...
In another example, if Number, Rational, and Integer are types such that Number :> Rational and Number :> Integer (Rational and Integer as subtypes of a type Number that is a supertype of them), a function written to take a Number will work equally well when passed an Integer or Rational as when passed a Number. The actual type of the object ...
Many algorithms in machine learning require a numerical representation of objects, since such representations facilitate processing and statistical analysis. When representing images, the feature values might correspond to the pixels of an image, while when representing texts the features might be the frequencies of occurrence of textual terms.
In object-oriented programming, analysis and design, object identity is the fundamental property of every object that it is distinct from other objects. Objects have identity – are distinct – even when they are otherwise indistinguishable, i.e. equal. In this way, object identity is closely related to the philosophical meaning.
An object is a data structure or abstract data type containing fields (state variables containing data) and methods (subroutines or procedures defining the object's behavior in code). Fields may also be known as members, attributes, or properties. Objects are typically stored as contiguous regions of memory.