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The yeast genome is highly accessible to manipulation, hence it is an excellent model for genome engineering. The international Synthetic Yeast Genome Project (Sc2.0 or Saccharomyces cerevisiae version 2.0 ) aims to build an entirely designer, customizable, synthetic S. cerevisiae genome from scratch that is more stable than the wild type.
The first free-living organism to have its genome completely sequenced was the bacterium Haemophilus influenzae, in 1995. In 1996 Saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker's yeast) was the first eukaryote genome sequence to be released and in 1998 the first genome sequence for a multicellular eukaryote, Caenorhabditis elegans , was released.
The second yeast species to have its genome sequenced was Schizosaccharomyces pombe, which was completed in 2002. [108] [109] It was the sixth eukaryotic genome sequenced and consists of 13.8 million base pairs. As of 2014, over 50 yeast species have had their genomes sequenced and published.
[3] [4] [5] The genome of the extensively researched yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae contains approximately 12 Mbp and was the first completely sequenced eukaryotic genome. [6] Due to their compact size fungal genomes can be sequenced with less resources than most other eukaryotic genomes and are thus important models for research. [7]
An autonomously replicating sequence (ARS) contains the origin of replication in the yeast genome. It contains four regions (A, B1, B2, and B3), named in order of their effect on plasmid stability. The A-Domain is highly conserved, any mutation abolishes origin function.
[31] [32] Fission yeast contains one of the smallest numbers of genes of a known genome sequence for a eukaryote, and has only three chromosomes in its genome. [33] Many of the genes responsible for cell division and cellular organization in fission yeast cell are also found in the human's genome.
In the peer-reviewed literature report, experimental results on function and interaction of yeast genes are extracted by high-quality manual curation and integrated within a well-developed database. The data are combined with quality high-throughput results and posted on Locus Summary pages which is a powerful query engine and rich genome browser.
The genome sequence and gene annotation can be browsed through the ORCAE system. The complete genomic data allows scientists to identify homologous proteins and evolutionary relationships between other yeast species and Komagataella. In addition, all seven species were sequenced by 2022. [7]