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118 chemical elements have been identified and named officially by IUPAC.A chemical element, often simply called an element, is a type of atom which has a specific number of protons in its atomic nucleus (i.e., a specific atomic number, or Z).
Sodium hydroxide, also known as lye and caustic soda, [1] [2] is an inorganic compound with the formula NaOH.It is a white solid ionic compound consisting of sodium cations Na + and hydroxide anions OH −.
A Soxhlet extractor has three main sections: a percolator (boiler and reflux) which circulates the solvent, a thimble (usually made of thick filter paper) which retains the solid to be extracted, and a siphon mechanism, which periodically empties the condensed solvent from the thimble back into the percolator.
Earlier symbols for chemical elements stem from classical Latin and Greek vocabulary. For some elements, this is because the material was known in ancient times, while for others, the name is a more recent invention.
A chemical compound is a chemical substance composed of many identical molecules (or molecular entities) containing atoms from more than one chemical element held together by chemical bonds.
Colors of a single chemical in different solvents, under visible and UV light, showing how the chemical interacts dynamically with its solvent environmentIn addition to the generic definition offered above, there are several niche fields where the term "chemical substance" may take alternate usages that are widely accepted, some of which are outlined in the sections below.
Analytical chemistry studies and uses instruments and methods to separate, identify, and quantify matter. [1] In practice, separation, identification or quantification may constitute the entire analysis or be combined with another method.
Rotating abrasive wheel on a bench grinder. Pedal-powered grinding machine, Russia, 1902. A grinding machine, often shortened to grinder, is any of various power tools or machine tools used for grinding.