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Plant pathology or phytopathology is the scientific study of plant diseases caused by pathogens (infectious organisms) and environmental conditions (physiological factors). [1]
Ralstonia solanacearum can overwinter in plant debris or diseased plants, wild hosts, seeds, or vegetative propagative organs (other germplasm) like tubers. The bacteria can survive for a long time in water (up to 40 years at 20–25 °C (68–77 °F) in pure water), and the bacterial population is reduced in extreme conditions (temperature, pH ...
Plant diseases are diseases in plants caused by pathogens (infectious organisms) and environmental conditions (physiological factors). [1] Organisms that cause infectious disease include fungi , oomycetes , bacteria , viruses , viroids , virus -like organisms, phytoplasmas , protozoa , nematodes and parasitic plants . [ 2 ]
Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens is a Gram-positive bacterium that causes disease on a variety of plants. [1] Gram-positive bacteria characteristics include small irregular rods, lateral flagella, the ability to persist in aerobic environments, and cells containing catalase.
The pathogen has a very large host range, affecting over 500 plant species (including tomato, onion, snapbean and pea) in the United States of America. [10] The fungus attacks the host crown and stem tissues at the soil line by producing a number of compounds such as oxalic acid , in addition to enzymes that are pectinolytic and cellulolytic .
Aphanomyces euteiches is a water mould, or oomycete, plant pathogen responsible for the disease Aphanomyces root rot. The species Aphanomyces euteiches can infect a variety of legumes. Symptoms of the disease can differ among hosts but generally include reduced root volume and function, leading to stunting and chlorotic foliage.
Causally known as Sclerotial blight, [4] Agroathelia rolfsii survives in the soil as sclerotia, and in infected decomposing plant material as mycelia. [5] Collar rot that is caused by the oomycete Phytophthora is causally called Phytophthora collar rot, and is a common disease of fruit and nut trees, [5] [6] as well as other flowers [7] and crops.
Southern corn leaf blight (SCLB) is a fungal disease of maize caused by the plant pathogen Bipolaris maydis (also known as Cochliobolus heterostrophus in its teleomorph state). The fungus is an Ascomycete and can use conidia or ascospores to infect. [ 1 ]