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The air quality in Malaysia is reported as the API (Air Pollutant Index) or in Malay as IPU (Indeks Pencemaran Udara). Four of the index's pollutant components (i.e., carbon monoxide, ozone, nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide) are reported in ppmv but PM 2.5 particulate matter is reported in μg/m 3.
Air pollution is the contamination of air due to the presence of substances called pollutants in the atmosphere that are harmful to the health of humans and other living beings, or cause damage to the climate or to materials. [1]
Floods have hit Jakarta several times in the past, including in 1621, 1654, 1918, 1942, 1976, 1996, 2002, 2007, 2013 and 2015. A significant contributing factor is that a substantial part of Jakarta is low-lying; some 24,000 ha (240 km 2) of the main part of Jakarta are below sea level. [6]
The area of the Jakarta Special District is 662 km 2 of land area and 6,977 km 2 of sea area. [2]Jakarta lies in a low, flat basin, averaging 7 metres (23 ft) above sea level; [citation needed] 40% of Jakarta, particularly the northern areas, is below sea level, [3] while the southern parts are comparatively hilly.
Kemayoran Airport (Indonesian: Bandar Udara Kemayoran) (formerly IATA: JKT, ICAO: WIID), [2] also known in its old spelling as Kemajoran, was the principal airport in Jakarta, Indonesia from 1940 until 1985. [3]
It is one of the two largest airports in Indonesia by land area, alongside Soekarno–Hatta International Airport in Jakarta. [4] Located in Majalengka Regency, the airport is approximately 68 kilometres (42 mi) east of Bandung. The airport began operations on 24 May 2018 when the Indonesia One presidential aircraft landed at the airport.
Indonesia's capital city is Jakarta. Indonesia had 673 airports in 2013, ranging from grand international airports to modest unpaved airstrips on remote islands or inland interior areas located throughout the archipelago. [1] [2] Most of them are operated by Transportation Ministry technical operation units and state-owned PT Angkasa Pura I & II.
Airport layout. Soekarno–Hatta International Airport (Indonesian: Bandar Udara Internasional Soekarno–Hatta) (IATA: CGK, ICAO: WIII), abbreviated SHIA [7] or Soetta, formerly legally called Jakarta Cengkareng Airport (Indonesian: Bandar Udara Jakarta Cengkareng) (hence the IATA designator "CGK"), is the primary airport serving the Jakarta metropolitan area on the island of Java in Indonesia.