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3 Code of Practices for plain and reinforced concrete etc. IS 456 – 2000 4 Methods of sampling and analysis of concrete IS 1199 – 1959 5 Recommended Guide Lines for Concrete Mix Design IS 10262 – 1982 (F) Curing Compound; 1 Standard test method for water retention & daylight reflection test on concrete. ASTM-C-156809
In the Eurocode series of European standards (EN) related to construction, Eurocode 7: Geotechnical design (abbreviated EN 1997 or, informally, EC 7) describes how to design geotechnical structures, using the limit state design philosophy. It is published in two parts; "General rules" and "Ground investigation and testing".
All of the EN Eurocodes relating to materials have a Part 1-1 which covers the design of buildings and other civil engineering structures and a Part 1-2 for fire design. The codes for concrete, steel, composite steel and concrete, and timber structures and earthquake resistance have a Part 2 covering design of bridges.
Excavations, boreholes probing and geophysical surveying are used to investigate the ground. Intrusive investigations should be sited, spaced and backfilled with care. The GI should give sufficient information to make good decisions on design, construction material selection. The condition and accessibility on site may affect the equipment used.
The process is slow and demanding, requiring teamwork and coordination. To prevent the walls from collapsing and to ensure water quality, the borehole is lined with materials like bricks, stones, or concrete rings. This reinforcement maintains the integrity of the borehole's structure and helps to prevent contamination.
This test is the most frequently used subsurface exploration drilling test performed worldwide. The test procedure is described in ISO 22476-3, ASTM D1586 [1] and Australian Standards AS 1289.6.3.1. The test provides samples for identification purposes and provides a measure of penetration resistance which can be used for geotechnical design ...
Also called caissons, drilled shafts, drilled piers, cast-in-drilled-hole piles (CIDH piles) or cast-in-situ piles, a borehole is drilled into the ground, then concrete (and often some sort of reinforcing) is placed into the borehole to form the pile. Rotary boring techniques allow larger diameter piles than any other piling method and permit ...
The standard specifies the requirements and the code of practice [2] [3] on design of steel, [2] concrete (reinforced, prestressed or composite) [3] and composite bridges that use steel sections (rolled or fabricated, cased or uncased) [4] as well as the materials and workmanship in bridge erection.
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