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The earliest recorded artificial induction of immunity in humans was by variolation or inoculation, which is the controlled infection of a subject with a less lethal natural form of smallpox (known as Variola Minor) to make him or her immune to re-infection with the more lethal natural form, Variola Major.
Artificially Acquired Active Immunity – is done by vaccination (introducing dead or weakened antigen to the host's cell). Artificially Acquired Passive Immunity – This involves the introduction of antibodies rather than antigens to the human body. These antibodies are from an animal or person who is already immune to the disease.
Active immunity is acquired through the exposure to a pathogen, which triggers the production of antibodies by the immune system. [7] Passive immunity is acquired through the transfer of antibodies or activated T-cells derived from an immune host either artificially or through the placenta; it is short-lived, requiring booster doses for ...
Inoculation refers to intentionally exposing an individual to a virus, bacterium, other pathogen, or artificial vaccine that may induce active immunity, and inoculation can be done by any suitable route of administration. Many familiar vaccines are injected intramuscularly or swallowed. [citation needed]
Long-term active memory is acquired following infection by activation of B and T cells. Active immunity can also be generated artificially, through vaccination . The principle behind vaccination (also called immunization ) is to introduce an antigen from a pathogen to stimulate the immune system and develop specific immunity against that ...
Active immunization is the induction of immunity after exposure to an antigen. Antibodies are created by the recipient and may be stored permanently. [citation needed]Active immunization can occur naturally when microbes or other antigen are received by a person who has not yet come into contact with the microbes and has no pre-made antibodies for defense.
The pustules of the child in whom the artificial small-pox has been thus inoculated are employed to communicate the same distemper to others. There is an almost perpetual circulation of it in Circassia; and when unhappily the small-pox has quite left the country, the inhabitants of it are in as great trouble and perplexity as other nations when ...
To enhance the immunity of an individual toward a disease; Can apply to a wide range of diseases; To enhance the immunity of an individual toward a disease; Can apply to a wide range of diseases; Differences For prevention; Mass-produced for a community; Normally produced from an inactivated or killed pathogen of certain bacterial or viral strains