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  2. Birching - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birching

    Birching was also featured in the French Revolution. One leader of the revolution, Anne-Josèphe Théroigne de Méricourt, went mad, ending her days in an asylum after a public birching. On 31 May 1793 the Jacobin women seized her, stripped her naked, and flogged her on the bare bottom in the public garden of the Tuileries. [6]

  3. Forest of Bere - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forest_of_Bere

    The Queen's Inclosure between the joined suburban settlements of Waterlooville and Cowplain Bushy Coppice at the eastern end of the area. The Forest of Bere is a mixed-use partially forested area in Hampshire immediately north of Fareham, Portsmouth and Roman Road, Havant and including a small part of the South Downs National Park.

  4. Birch wood - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birch_wood

    Ray section of birch wood. Birch wood is a type of wood of the birch. Birch wood is pale yellow-brown wood having a close, straight grain and uniform texture that finishes to a smooth surface. Sometimes it is dyed to imitate mahogany. This type of wood is used for among others firewood, turnery, furniture, cabinetry, tools handles, hoops ...

  5. Flagellation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flagellation

    In some circumstances the word flogging is used loosely to include any sort of corporal punishment, including birching and caning. However, in British legal terminology, a distinction was drawn (and still is, in one or two colonial territories [ citation needed ] ) between flogging (with a cat o' nine tails) and whipping (formerly with a whip ...

  6. Birch - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birch

    A birch bark inscription excavated from Novgorod, circa 1240–1260. Wood pulp made from birch gives relatively long and slender fibres for a hardwood. The thin walls cause the fibre to collapse upon drying, giving a paper with low bulk and low opacity. The birch fibres are, however, easily fibrillated and give about 75% of the tensile strength ...

  7. Jacobin (politics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacobin_(politics)

    A Jacobin (/ ˈ dʒ æ k ə b ɪ n /; French pronunciation: [ʒakɔbɛ̃]) was a member of the Jacobin Club, a revolutionary political movement that was the most famous political club during the French Revolution (1789–1799). [1] The club got its name from meeting at the Dominican rue Saint-Honoré Monastery of the Jacobins.

  8. Tyrer v. the United Kingdom - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrer_v._the_United_Kingdom

    By a majority of six votes to one, the court held Tyrer's birching to constitute degrading treatment contrary to the Article 3 of the European Convention on Human Rights. [2] Significant conclusions of the case included that "the Convention is a living instrument which, as the Commission rightly stressed, must be interpreted in the light of ...

  9. Switch (corporal punishment) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switch_(corporal_punishment)

    The tamarind switch (in Creole English tambran switch) is a judicial birch-like instrument for corporal punishment made from three tamarind rods, braided and oiled, used long after independence in the Caribbean Commonwealth island states of Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago. [2]