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Ammonium nitrate is an important fertilizer with NPK rating 34-0-0 (34% nitrogen). [17] It is less concentrated than urea (46-0-0), giving ammonium nitrate a slight transportation disadvantage. Ammonium nitrate's advantage over urea is that it is more stable and does not rapidly lose nitrogen to the atmosphere.
ANFO (/ ˈ æ n f oʊ / AN-foh) [1] (or AN/FO, for ammonium nitrate/fuel oil) is a widely used bulk industrial high explosive. It consists of 94% porous prilled ammonium nitrate (NH 4 NO 3) (AN), which acts as the oxidizing agent and absorbent for the fuel, and 6% number 2 fuel oil (FO). [2] The use of ANFO originated in the 1950s. [3]
The nitric acid process produces nitric acid for use in making ammonium nitrate fertiliser. Using the Ostwald process, ammonia is vaporised and then oxidised over a 95% platinum and 5% rhodium catalyst at 930 °C (1,710 °F) and 6.5 bar (650 kPa) to form nitric oxide and superheated steam. The reaction gases are cooled to 38 °C (100 °F ...
In response to changes in mining technology, the product line expanded to include blasting agents based on ammonium nitrate and nitric acid in the 1940s. [7] Ammonium nitrate was produced from anhydrous ammonia and air (the DuPont process) beginning in the 1950s. [7] The original nitroglycerine-based products were phased out by 1983. [2]
Prilled is a term used in mining and manufacturing to refer to a product that has been pelletized. ANFO explosive typically comprises ammonium nitrate prills mixed with #2 fuel oil. [2] The pellets are a neater, simpler form for handling, with reduced dust.
Nitrogen fertilizers and synthetic products, such as urea and ammonium nitrate, are mainstays of industrial agriculture, and are essential to the nourishment of at least two billion people. [10] [13] Industrial facilities using the Haber process and its analogues have a significant ecological impact. Half of the nitrogen in the great quantities ...
DFPCL is also a producer of Technical Ammonium Nitrate (TAN), which is used in the agricultural and chemical industries and as an explosive in the mining and infrastructure industries. [10] Until 2014, imports of TAN from Russia and Ukraine in loose form were high. [10]
Ammonium compounds are used not only for fertilisers, but also explosives. Billingham-on-Tees was a small village in 1917, when its Grange Farm was chosen to be the site of a large chemical works. On 22 March 1918, the Minister of Munitions approved the site to be developed as a factory that would make ammonium nitrate. [1]