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Male contraceptives, also known as male birth control, are methods of preventing pregnancy by interrupting the function of sperm. [1] The main forms of male contraception available today are condoms, vasectomy, and withdrawal, which together represented 20% of global contraceptive use in 2019.
The side effects of cyproterone acetate (CPA), a steroidal antiandrogen and progestin, including its frequent and rare side effects, have been studied and characterized.It is generally well-tolerated and has a mild side-effect profile, regardless of dosage, when it used as a progestin or antiandrogen in combination with an estrogen such as ethinylestradiol or estradiol valerate in women.
Extended or continuous use of COCPs or other combined hormonal contraceptives carries the same risk of side effects and medical risks as traditional COCP use. [citation needed] Pill Failure can happen with contraceptive pills and inadvertent pregnancies happen. [20] Use of oral contraceptive can impair muscle gains in young women. [21]
[17] [4] However, it is thought that the antiandrogenic activity of CPA may only be significant at higher doses than are present in birth control pills. [ 4 ] [ 19 ] Both EE and CPA have antigonadotropic effects and act as contraceptives in women by suppressing ovulation . [ 17 ]
Drug-based contraception has been available since the development of the contraceptive pill. As well as their contraceptive effects, contraceptive drugs can also have adverse sexual and reproductive side-effects. Prior to the availability of effective contraceptives, some substances were also used as abortifacients to terminate pregnancy ...
Hormonal oral contraceptives (HOCs) interact with hormonal changes in the menstrual cycle in females to prevent ovulation, and hence achieve contraception. [24] In a 28-day menstrual cycle, there are the proliferative phase, ovulation, and then the secretory phase. [28] Menstruation marks the beginning of proliferative phase in day 1-14. [28]
Hormonal contraception refers to birth control methods that act on the endocrine system. Almost all methods are composed of steroid hormones, although in India one selective estrogen receptor modulator is marketed as a contraceptive. The original hormonal method—the combined oral contraceptive pill—was first marketed as a contraceptive in ...
Birth control methods fall into two main categories: male contraception and female contraception. Common male contraceptives are withdrawal, condoms, and vasectomy. Female contraception is more developed compared to male contraception, these include contraceptive pills (combination and progestin-only pill), hormonal or non-hormonal IUD, patch ...
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