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For example, the movie Wag the Dog (1997) illustrates how the public can be deceitfully distracted from an important topic by presenting another whose only quality is that of being more attractive. Politicians might distract the public from domestic issues by diverting attention to global issues in order to reduce pressure domestically.
Malinformation is a controversial term for information which is based on fact, but removed from its original context in order to mislead, harm, or manipulate. [1] The term was first coined by Hossein Derakhshan and was used in a co-authored report titled "Information Disorder: Toward an interdisciplinary framework for research and policy making". [2]
The problem of misinformation is exacerbated by the educational bubble, users' critical thinking ability and news culture. [138] Based on a 2015 study, 62.5% of the Facebook users are oblivious to any curation of their News Feed. Furthermore, scientists have started to investigate algorithms with unexpected outcomes that may lead to antisocial ...
The Shorenstein Center at Harvard University defines disinformation research as an academic field that studies "the spread and impacts of misinformation, disinformation, and media manipulation," including "how it spreads through online and offline channels, and why people are susceptible to believing bad information, and successful strategies for mitigating its impact" [23] According to a 2023 ...
Fake news websites are those which intentionally, but not necessarily solely, publish hoaxes and disinformation for purposes other than news satire.Some of these sites use homograph spoofing attacks, typosquatting and other deceptive strategies similar to those used in phishing attacks to resemble genuine news outlets.
Misinformation has been spread during many health crises. [17] [28] For example, misinformation about alternative treatments was spread during the Ebola outbreak in 2014–2016. [37] [38] During the COVID-19 pandemic, the proliferation of mis- and dis-information was exacerbated by a general lack of health literacy. [39]
An example is disinformation around COVID-19 vaccines. Disinformation has targeted the products themselves, the researchers and organizations who develop them, the healthcare professionals and organizations who administer them, and the policy-makers that have supported their development and advised their use.
GNI has three goals: "to elevate and strengthen quality journalism, evolve business models to drive sustainable growth and empower news organizations through technological innovation". [100] To achieve the first goal, Google created the Disinfo Lab, which combats the spread of fake news during crucial times such as elections or breaking news.