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The Shorenstein Center at Harvard University defines disinformation research as an academic field that studies "the spread and impacts of misinformation, disinformation, and media manipulation," including "how it spreads through online and offline channels, and why people are susceptible to believing bad information, and successful strategies for mitigating its impact" [23] According to a 2023 ...
The Watergate scandal has been credited by some with creating distrust in government and opening the door for a new business tactic for the media that resulted in the spread of negative, dishonest and misleading news coverage of American politics; [16] [19] such examples include the labeling of a large number of political scandals, regardless ...
Psychological warfare is sometimes considered synonymous with propaganda. The principal distinction is that propaganda occurs typically within a nation, whereas psychological warfare usually takes place between nations, often during war or the cold war. Various techniques influence a target's values, beliefs, emotions, motives, reasoning, or ...
Misinformation has been spread during many health crises. [17] [28] For example, misinformation about alternative treatments was spread during the Ebola outbreak in 2014–2016. [37] [38] During the COVID-19 pandemic, the proliferation of mis- and dis-information was exacerbated by a general lack of health literacy. [39]
An example is disinformation around COVID-19 vaccines. Disinformation has targeted the products themselves, the researchers and organizations who develop them, the healthcare professionals and organizations who administer them, and the policy-makers that have supported their development and advised their use.
Yahoo Finance Live anchors discuss stock performance for PayPal as well as why the financial tech company is backtracking on its misinformation policy. PayPal backtracks on misinformation policy ...
Most current research is based on inoculation theory, a social psychological and communication theory that explains how an attitude or belief can be protected against persuasion or influence in much the same way a body can be protected against disease – for example, through pre-exposure to weakened versions of a stronger, future threat. The ...
That work, published in the Harvard Business Review, found that women in the workplace face bias regardless of their age, with their superiors often viewing them as too inexperienced if they are ...