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  2. Network switch - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_switch

    A device capable of more than bridging is known as a multilayer switch. A layer 2 network device is a multiport device that uses hardware addresses (MAC addresses) to process and forward data at the data link layer (layer 2). A switch operating as a network bridge may interconnect otherwise separate layer 2 networks.

  3. Flat network - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flat_network

    The topology of a flat network is not segmented or separated into different broadcast areas by using routers. Some such networks may use network hubs or a mixture of hubs and switches, rather than switches and routers, to connect devices to each other. Generally, all devices on the network are a part of the same broadcast area.

  4. Inter-network processors - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inter-network_processors

    Most commonly used inter-network processors are switches, bridges, hubs, routers and gateways. Switches act as interfaces for communication between telecommunications circuits in a networked environment. In addition, most modern switches have integrated network managing capabilities and may operate on numerous layers of the OSI reference model ...

  5. Fully switched network - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fully_switched_network

    A switch allows for many conversations to occur simultaneously. Before switches, networks based on hubs data could only allow transmission in one direction at a time, this was called half-duplex. By using a switch this restriction is removed; full-duplex communication is maintained and the network is collision free. [2]

  6. Networking hardware - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Networking_hardware

    Multilayer switch: a switch that, in addition to switching on OSI layer 2, provides functionality at higher protocol layers. Protocol converter: a hardware device that converts between two different types of transmission, for interoperation. [9] Bridge router (brouter): a device that works as a bridge and as a router. The brouter routes packets ...

  7. Ethernet hub - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethernet_hub

    Historically, the main reason for purchasing hubs rather than switches was their price. By the early 2000s, there was little price difference between a hub and a low-end switch. [11] Hubs can still be useful in special circumstances: For inserting a protocol analyzer into a network connection, a hub is an alternative to a network tap or port ...

  8. Multilayer switch - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multilayer_switch

    The difference between a layer-3 switch and a router is the way the device is making the routing decision. Conventionally, routers use microprocessors to make forwarding decisions in software, while the switch performs only hardware-based packet switching (by specialized ASICs with the help of content-addressable memory).

  9. Ethernet - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethernet

    Many early researchers failed to understand these results. Performance on real networks is significantly better. [39] In a modern Ethernet, the stations do not all share one channel through a shared cable or a simple repeater hub; instead, each station communicates with a switch, which in turn forwards that traffic to the destination station ...

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