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Pediatric narcolepsy cases are cases when patients are diagnosed or experience symptoms onset for narcolepsy before the age of 18. Of patients who obtain a formal diagnosis for narcolepsy, more than 50% report first experiencing symptoms of narcolepsy more than 10 years before their formal diagnosis, with an average age of symptom onset being at age 15 and symptom onset most likely to occur ...
Narcolepsy is a chronic neurological disorder that impairs the ability to regulate sleep–wake cycles, and specifically impacts REM (rapid eye movement) sleep. [1] The pentad symptoms of narcolepsy include excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), sleep-related hallucinations, sleep paralysis, disturbed nocturnal sleep (DNS), and cataplexy. [1]
Sodium oxybate, sold under the brand name Xyrem among others, is a medication used to treat symptoms of narcolepsy: sudden muscle weakness and excessive daytime sleepiness. [3] [7] [8] It is used sometimes in France and Italy as an anesthetic given intravenously.
Narcolepsy with cataplexy 347.01 G47.411 Narcolepsy without cataplexy 347.00 G47.419 Narcolepsy due to medical condition 347.10 G47.421 Narcolepsy, unspecified 347.00 G47.43 Recurrent hypersomnia 780.54 G47.13 - Kleine-Levin Syndrome: 327.13 G47.13 - Menstrual-related hypersomnia 327.13 G47.13 Idiopathic hypersomnia with long sleep time 327.11 ...
It is the only drug authorised by the EMA to treat the whole disease in adults, and by the FDA to treat patients who have cataplexy with the indication to be used for combating excessive daytime sleepiness. [4] [20] This drug helps to normalise sleep architecture and inhibits the intrusion REM sleep elements like paralysis during the day. [4]
Usually, people with this disorder have ataxia, mild–moderate sensorineural hearing loss, narcolepsy, and cataplexy. These symptoms start happening when an affected person is about 30 years old. [6] [7] A bit later in life, people with ADCADN start showing a decline in executive function known as dementia.
Orexin (/ ɒ ˈ r ɛ k s ɪ n /), also known as hypocretin, is a neuropeptide that regulates arousal, wakefulness, and appetite. [5] It exists in the forms of orexin-A and orexin-B.The most common form of narcolepsy, type 1, in which the individual experiences brief losses of muscle tone ("drop attacks" or cataplexy), is caused by a lack of orexin in the brain due to destruction of the cells ...
Westphal, in 1877, described first case of narcolepsy, the name coined later by Gelineu in 1880 in association with cataplexy. Lehermitte called it paroxysmal hypersomnia in 1930 to differentiate it from prolonged hypersomnia. Roger in 1932 coined the term parasomnia and classified hypersomnia, insomnia and parasomnia. [3]
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