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Corn starch mixed in water. Cornflour, cornstarch, maize starch, or corn starch (American English) is the starch derived from corn grain. [2] The starch is obtained from the endosperm of the kernel. Corn starch is a common food ingredient, often used to thicken sauces or soups, and to make corn syrup and other sugars. [3]
Cornmeal is a meal (coarse flour) ground from dried corn (maize). It is a common staple food and is ground to coarse, medium, and fine consistencies, but it is not as fine as wheat flour can be. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] In Mexico and Louisiana, very finely ground cornmeal is referred to as corn flour .
The starch stream typically has 90% starch and the gluten stream consists of 60% protein. [4] The lighter gluten, separated out from the top, is thickened and the heavy gluten is further sent for dewatering into vacuum rotary filter. This corn gluten meal consist of approximately 60% protein, 1% fat and 3% fiber.
Coarsely ground corn flour (meal) is known as cornmeal. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] When maize flour is made from maize that has been soaked in an alkaline solution, e.g., limewater (a process known as nixtamalization ), it is called masa harina (or masa flour), which is used for making arepas , tamales and tortillas .
Maize is used to produce the food ingredient cornstarch. [97] Maize starch can be hydrolyzed and enzymatically treated to produce high fructose corn syrup, a sweetener. [98] Maize may be fermented and distilled to produce Bourbon whiskey. [99] Corn oil is extracted from the germ of the grain. [100]
The endosperm goes through screenings to separate starch and proteins from the corn fiber or bran. The remaining starch and proteins are centrifuged to separate the starch from the corn gluten meal. [2] Corn gluten meal as commonly produced contains "71.4% crude protein, 4.1% fat, 0.8% fiber, 1.2% ash, 12.4% starch, 10.1% other carbohydrates".
Many islands in the West Indies, notably Jamaica, also use hominy (known as cornmeal or polenta, though different from Italian polenta) to make a sort of porridge with corn starch or flour to thicken the mixture and condensed milk, vanilla, and nutmeg. In the Philippines, hominy (Tagalog: lagkitan) is the main component of dessert binatog. [11]
Cornmeal – Meal (coarse flour) ground from dried corn; Corn oil – Oil from the seeds of corn; Corn starch – Starch derived from corn (maize) grain; Corn steep liquor – By-product of corn wet-milling; Corn syrup – Syrup made from corn used as food additive Glucose syrup – Syrup made from the hydrolysis of starch
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