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Environmental design can also encompass interdisciplinary areas such as historical preservation and lighting design. In terms of a larger scope, environmental design has implications for the industrial design of products: innovative automobiles, wind power generators, solar-powered equipment, and other kinds of equipment could serve as examples.
Permaculture is an approach to land management and settlement design that adopts arrangements observed in flourishing natural ecosystems. It includes a set of design principles derived using whole-systems thinking. It applies these principles in fields such as regenerative agriculture, town planning, rewilding, and community resilience.
The goals and philosophy of the movement are identical to that of the open-source movement, but are implemented for the development of physical products rather than software. [5] Open design is a form of co-creation, where the final product is designed by the users, rather than an external stakeholder such as a private company.
Design management is the business side of design. Design managers need to speak the language of the business and the language of design. Design management is a field of inquiry that uses design, strategy, project management and supply chain techniques to control a creative process, support a culture of creativity, and build a structure and organization for design.
The design approach also becomes extended and adapted to tackle the design of services, marking the beginning of the service design movement. [ 82 ] Stanford University 's d.school begins to teach design thinking as a generalisable approach to technical and social innovation.
Environmentally sustainable design (also called environmentally conscious design, eco-design, etc.) is the philosophy of designing physical objects, the built environment, and services to comply with the principles of ecological sustainability and also aimed at improving the health and comfort of occupants in a building.
An eco-design product may have a cradle-to-cradle life cycle ensuring zero waste is created in the whole process. By mimicking life cycles in nature, eco-design can serve as a concept to achieve a truly circular economy. Environmental aspects which ought to be analysed for every stage of the life cycle are:
A temporal design framework is provided by Matlock et al., [15] stating the design solutions are considered in ecological time. In selecting between alternatives, the design should incorporate ecological economics in design evaluation [15] and acknowledge a guiding value system which promotes biological conservation, benefiting society and ...