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Examples of progestogens include natural or bioidentical progesterone as well as progestins such as medroxyprogesterone acetate and norethisterone. [ 1 ] Side effects of progestogens include menstrual irregularities , headaches , nausea , breast tenderness , mood changes, acne , increased hair growth , and changes in liver protein production ...
Hormonal therapies to reduce or stop menstrual bleeding have long been used to manage a number of gynecologic conditions including menstrual cramps (dysmenorrhea), heavy menstrual bleeding, irregular or other abnormal uterine bleeding, menstrual-related mood changes (premenstrual syndrome or premenstrual dysphoric disorder), and pelvic pain due to endometriosis or uterine fibroids.
In particular, prostaglandins induce abdominal contractions that can cause pain and gastrointestinal symptoms. [8] [9] The use of certain types of birth control pills can prevent the symptoms of dysmenorrhea because they stop ovulation from occurring. Dysmenorrhea is associated with increased pain sensitivity and heavy menstrual bleeding. [10] [11]
You may feel pain similar to period cramps if you are ovulating, have an ovarian cyst, are pregnant, have IBD, or a number of other reasons.
It is believed that combined hormonal contraceptives work primarily by preventing ovulation and thickening cervical mucus. Progestogen-only contraceptives can also prevent ovulation, but rely more significantly on the thickening of cervical mucus. Ormeloxifene does not affect ovulation, and its mechanism of action is not well understood.
A contraceptive implant is an implantable medical device used for the purpose of birth control.The implant may depend on the timed release of hormones to hinder ovulation or sperm development, the ability of copper to act as a natural spermicide within the uterus, or it may work using a non-hormonal, physical blocking mechanism.
If you are unsure about what kind of birth control is right for you, board-certified gynecologist Dr. Nicole Sparks has given us the scoop.
Most women over 60 have entered a new phase in life and health: post-menopause. According to Dr. Tara Scott, MD , gynecologist and Medical Advisor at Versalie, by the age of 60, most women are ...