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DNA nanotechnology, specifically, is an example of bottom-up molecular self-assembly, in which molecular components spontaneously organize into stable structures; the particular form of these structures is induced by the physical and chemical properties of the components selected by the designers. [19]
Nucleic acid design is used in DNA nanotechnology to design strands which will self-assemble into a desired target structure. These include examples such as DNA machines, periodic two- and three-dimensional lattices, polyhedra, and DNA origami. [2]
A nanostructure is a structure of intermediate size between microscopic and molecular structures. Nanostructural detail is microstructure at nanoscale . In describing nanostructures, it is necessary to differentiate between the number of dimensions in the volume of an object which are on the nanoscale .
For example, DNA nanotechnology or cellular engineering would be classified as bionanotechnology because they involve working with biomolecules on the nanoscale. Conversely, many new medical technologies involving nanoparticles as delivery systems or as sensors would be examples of nanobiotechnology since they involve using nanotechnology to ...
Due to their structure and function, SNAs occupy a materials space distinct from DNA nanotechnology and DNA origami, [20] [21] (although both are important to the field of nucleic acid–guided programmable materials. [22] With DNA origami, such structures are synthesized via DNA hybridization events.
The double helix is the dominant tertiary structure for biological DNA, and is also a possible structure for RNA. Three DNA conformations are believed to be found in nature, A-DNA, B-DNA, and Z-DNA. The "B" form described by James D. Watson and Francis Crick is believed to predominate in cells. [2]
DNA is a major example of a supramolecular polymer. [ 48 ] protein [ 49 ] Much effort has been develoted to related but synthetic materials. [ 50 ] At the same time, their reversible and dynamic nature make supramolecular polymers bio-degradable , [ 51 ] [ 52 ] which surmounts hard-to-degrade issue of covalent polymers and makes supramolecular ...
The two pathways for homologous recombination in eukaryotes, showing the formation and resolution of Holliday junctions. The Holliday junction is a key intermediate in homologous recombination, a biological process that increases genetic diversity by shifting genes between two chromosomes, as well as site-specific recombination events involving integrases.