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Denudation rates are usually much lower than the rates of uplift and average orogeny rates can be eight times the maximum average denudation. [24] The only areas at which there could be equal rates of denudation and uplift are active plate margins with an extended period of continuous deformation. [25] Denudation is measured in catchment-scale ...
It allows one to determine very easily the concentration of the various picoplankton populations on marine samples. Three groups of cells (Prochlorococcus, Synechococcus and picoeukaryotes) can be distinguished. For example Synechococcus is characterized by the double fluorescence of its pigments: orange for phycoerythrin and red for chlorophyll.
The evolution of biological complexity is one important outcome of the process of evolution. [1] Evolution has produced some remarkably complex organisms – although the actual level of complexity is very hard to define or measure accurately in biology, with properties such as gene content, the number of cell types or morphology all proposed as possible metrics.
The metabolic rate of a heterotroph is defined as the rate of respiration in which energy is obtained by oxidation of a carbon compound. The rate of photosynthesis on the other hand, indicates the metabolic rate of an autotroph. [6] According to MTE, both body size and temperature affect the metabolic rate of an organism.
For example, if the average time it takes for a base pair of the cytochrome c gene to mutate is N years, the number of amino acids making up the cytochrome c protein in monkeys differ by one from that of humans, this leads to the conclusion that the two species diverged N years ago.
Denudation chronology is the study of the long-term evolution of topography seen as sequence. Denudation chronology revolves around episodes of landscape-wide erosion , better known as denudation . The cycle of erosion model is a common approach used to establish denudation chronologies.
One equation used to analyze biological exponential growth uses the birth and death rates in a population. If, in a hypothetical population of size N, the birth rates (per capita) are represented as b and death rates (per capita) as d, then the increase or decrease in N during a time period t will be = ()
A growing organism increases in size in all of its parts, rather than simply accumulating matter. Response to stimuli : a response can take many forms, from the contraction of a unicellular organism to external chemicals, to complex reactions involving all the senses of multicellular organisms .