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Earlier reviews found that no conclusions could be drawn about the effectiveness of electrotherapy for neck pain, [11] and that electrotherapy has limited effect on neck pain as measured by clinical results. [12] A 2015 review found that the evidence for electrotherapy in pregnancy-related lower back pain is "very limited". [7]
Cranial electrotherapy stimulation (CES) is a form of neurostimulation that delivers a small, pulsed, alternating current via electrodes on the head. [1] CES is used with the intention of treating a variety of conditions such as anxiety , depression and insomnia . [ 1 ]
OTC devices are marketable only for muscle toning; prescription devices can be purchased only with a medical prescription for therapy. Prescription devices should be used under the supervision of an authorized practitioner, for the following uses: Relaxation of muscle spasms; Prevention or retardation of disuse atrophy;
A transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS or TNS) is a device that produces mild electric current to stimulate the nerves for therapeutic purposes.TENS, by definition, covers the complete range of transcutaneously applied currents used for nerve excitation, but the term is often used with a more restrictive intent, namely, to describe the kind of pulses produced by portable ...
This is a list of people treated with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources .
The review also found that, "Many studies and case series demonstrated the efficacy of VNS as an adjuvant procedure for TRD (treatment resistant depression). The effect occurs with a latency period of 3–12 months and possibly increases with the duration of VNS. " [ 25 ] One study of only 10 weeks found no effect.
Convulsive therapy was introduced in 1934 by Hungarian neuropsychiatrist Ladislas J. Meduna who, believing mistakenly that schizophrenia and epilepsy were antagonistic disorders, induced seizures first with camphor and then metrazol (cardiazol). [14] [15] Meduna is thought to be the father of convulsive therapy. [16]
Chronic subcortical electrode implant in a laboratory rat used to deliver electrical stimulation to the brain. Electrical brain stimulation (EBS), also referred to as focal brain stimulation (FBS), is a form of electrotherapy used as a technique in research and clinical neurobiology to stimulate a neuron or neural network in the brain through the direct or indirect excitation of its cell ...