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  2. Vacuole - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacuole

    The contractile vacuole complex works periodically contracts to remove excess water and ions from the cell to balance water flow into the cell. [26] When the contractile vacuole is slowly taking water in, the contractile vacuole enlarges, this is called diastole and when it reaches its threshold, the central vacuole contracts then contracts ...

  3. Bacterial cell structure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacterial_cell_structure

    Many structural features are unique to bacteria and are not found among archaea or eukaryotes. Because of the simplicity of bacteria relative to larger organisms and the ease with which they can be manipulated experimentally, the cell structure of bacteria has been well studied, revealing many biochemical principles that have been subsequently ...

  4. Aquaporin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquaporin

    The aromatic/arginine or "ar/R" selectivity filter is a cluster of amino acids that help bind to water molecules and exclude other molecules that may try to enter the pore. It is the mechanism by which the aquaporin is able to selectively bind water molecules and so to allow them through, and to prevent other molecules from entering.

  5. Biomolecule - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomolecule

    DNA uses the deoxynucleotides C, G, A, and T, while RNA uses the ribonucleotides (which have an extra hydroxyl(OH) group on the pentose ring) C, G, A, and U. Modified bases are fairly common (such as with methyl groups on the base ring), as found in ribosomal RNA or transfer RNAs or for discriminating the new from old strands of DNA after ...

  6. Bacterial capsule - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacterial_capsule

    Capsules allow adhesion to surfaces and help enable the bacteria to evade the host immune system. [6] The water content in the capsule gives the protection against drying out. The capsule is considered a virulence factor because it enhances the ability of bacteria to cause disease (e.g. prevents phagocytosis).

  7. Lab-made ‘mirror bacteria’ could endanger all life on earth ...

    www.aol.com/lab-made-mirror-bacteria-could...

    “Mirror bacteriamade in a lab could endanger all life on earth, an international group of leading scientists have warned in a new report. All building-block molecules of life like DNA ...

  8. Bronze Age mass grave reveals grisly massacre in which ...

    www.aol.com/news/bronze-age-mass-grave-reveals...

    A group of eminent scientists has expressed concern about a nascent field of research: a push to create life-forms composed of mirror-image molecules, in which the molecular structure found in ...

  9. Microbiology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microbiology

    Microbiology (from Ancient Greek μῑκρος (mīkros) 'small' βίος (bíos) 'life' and -λογία () 'study of') is the scientific study of microorganisms, those being of unicellular (single-celled), multicellular (consisting of complex cells), or acellular (lacking cells).