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Also, positive roll (starboard wing down) increases the lift on the starboard wing and reduces it on the port. If the wing has dihedral, this will result in a side force momentarily opposing the resultant sideslip tendency. Anhedral wing and or stabilizer configurations can cause the sign of the side force to invert if the fin effect is swamped.
Aerodynamics is the study of wing performance in air. Equivalent foils that move through water are found on hydrofoil power vessels and foiling sailboats that lift out of the water at speed and on submarines that use diving planes to point the boat upwards or downwards, while running submerged.
Finally, aerodynamic problems may also be classified by the flow environment. External aerodynamics is the study of flow around solid objects of various shapes (e.g. around an airplane wing), while internal aerodynamics is the study of flow through passages inside solid objects (e.g. through a jet engine).
Aerodynamics – Branch of dynamics concerned with studying the motion of air; Aircraft flight control system – How aircraft are controlled; Fixed-wing aircraft – Heavier-than-air aircraft with fixed wings generating aerodynamic lift; Flight control surfaces – Surface that allows a pilot to adjust and control an aircraft's flight attitude
A fixed-wing aircraft may have more than one wing plane, stacked one above another: Biplane: two wing planes of similar size, stacked one above the other.The biplane is inherently lighter and stronger than a monoplane and was the most common configuration until the 1930s.
In aviation, the usage "dihedral" evolved to mean the positive, up angle between the left and right wings, while usage with the prefix "an-" (as in "anhedral") evolved to mean the negative, down angle between the wings. The aerodynamic stabilizing qualities of a dihedral angle were described in an influential 1810 article by Sir George Cayley. [2]
Aircraft flight mechanics are relevant to fixed wing (gliders, aeroplanes) and rotary wing (helicopters) aircraft.An aeroplane (airplane in US usage), is defined in ICAO Document 9110 as, "a power-driven heavier than air aircraft, deriving its lift chiefly from aerodynamic reactions on surface which remain fixed under given conditions of flight".
Angle of incidence of an airplane wing on an airplane. On fixed-wing aircraft, the angle of incidence (sometimes referred to as the mounting angle [1] or setting angle) is the angle between the chord line of the wing where the wing is mounted to the fuselage, and a reference axis along the fuselage (often the direction of minimum drag, or where applicable, the longitudinal axis).